Analysis Essay For The Crucible Essay

Directions: Choose ONE of the essay prompts/topics below. Answer your chosen prompt in a five-paragraph essay based around a one-part thesis. Each of your three body paragraphs must include a quote from The Crucible. Since this essay has a more straightforward format than the Close Reading essay for Great Expectations, we will be focusing on the writing process as you move towards producing a final draft. Consequently, you will be required to complete the prewriting work in this packet, write TWO drafts, complete a peer-editing letter, and produce a final draft. Rewrites will NOT be offered on this essay, so visiting the Writing Center is encouraged! Possible Essay Topics 1. Despite the Puritan background of the citizens of Salem, it seems as though almost every character tells a lie at one time or another throughout The Crucible. What specific role does dishonesty play in The Crucible? 2. Fear and faith are both powerful forces at work in Salem. In your opinion, what does The Crucible say or suggest about the relationship between faith and fear? 3. Many characters in The Crucible seem preoccupied with the status and maintenance of their reputations. What impact does the presence of this reputation-centered mentality have on the evolution of the trials? Read Also:  Topics for Analytical Essay Prewriting Select a topic (circle or star your choice above), and jot down the first few ideas that pop into your head when you think about how you would go about answering your selected question. If you can’t decide on a topic, brainstorm ideas for two topics you’re thinking about. Based on how many ideas you’re able to come up with for each topic, choose one (if drafting doesn’t go well, you can always change your mind later on). Brainstorming: Brainstorm a clear, coherent answer to the question (this will be the basis of your thesis). Answer: Now, brainstorm what you could possibly focus on in your three body paragraphs to prove your thesis. In other words, what THREE reasons/ideas will you use to support/justify your thesis? 1. 2. 3. Formulate your thesis. Your thesis should clearly state your answer to the topic question. Since you will be writing a one part thesis, you do NOT need to include your three supporting reasons or ideas in your thesis. Remember that you will be answering the question objectively, so the word â€Å"I† should NOT appear in your thesis (or anywhere else in the paper). Thesis: _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Create a logical order of ideas for your paper. One idea (in terms of your thesis) will guide each body paragraph. Under each main idea, brainstorm potential quotes you will pull from The Crucible to support your argument in  that body paragraph. You don’t necessarily need to include direct quotes yet; a paraphrase or note that will remind you of a specific quote is fine. Body Paragraph 1: ______________________________________________________________________ Possible quotes: Body Paragraph 2: ______________________________________________________________________ Possible quotes: Body Paragraph 3: ______________________________________________________________________ Possible quotes: Putting it all Together 1. In your introductory paragraph, include a hook statement/attention grabber that relates to your topic, and include a small amount of background information (assume your reader has read the book). Be sure to include the title and author (Remember to italicize the title!). You will end your introduction with your thesis statement. 2. Your three body paragraphs must begin with a topic sentence that transitions into the paragraph, states the main idea of the body paragraph, and relates to the thesis in some way. Support your argument with evidence from the novel. You must include a quote from the novel in each body paragraph to support your claims, and you MUST analyze/discuss the importance of that quote to prove your point! Your analysis should explain specifically HOW each quote proves your thesis. Include a concluding sentence for each body paragraph that connects back to your thesis. 3. In your concluding paragraph, restate your thesis and reinforce the main points of your paper. Any specific items of background information that you referenced in your introduction could be mentioned again. Most importantly,  your conclusion should end with a detailed, well thought-out statement of the IMPLICATIONS of your argument. Answer the question of â€Å"So what?† Tell your reader why your argument matters or what your argument implies (this is your take-home message). General Requirements: Use 12 pt. Times New Roman Font and 1† margins. Type double-spaced on one side of the paper. Do not use I, me, we, YOU or any other personal pronouns. Do not refer to the essay or narrate the essay as you write it – just write it! Do not refer directly to quotes. For ex., there’s no need to say â€Å"This quote says†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"This quote shows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Use at least THREE quotes in your paper. â€Å"Properly cite your quotes with page numbers in parentheses after each quote,† said Mrs. Filush (4). Write your essay in present tense. Example – Proctor says†¦, Abigail believes†¦ DUE DATES: Pre-writing Packet:____________________ (5 points) 1st Draft: ____________________ (15 points) Peer Editing Letter: ____________________ (15 points) 2nd Draft: ____________________ (15 points) Final Draft: ____________________ (75 points) Rubric Checklist – The Crucible Essay INTRO – ______/ 10 pointsComments: _____ Hook/attention grabber _____ Background Information _____ Title, Author (listed correctly) _____ Thesis Statement offers specific argument in   response to topic. BODY #1– ______/ 15 points _____ Transition _____ Topic sentence connects to thesis _____ Topic sentence includes main idea of paragraph _____ Paragraph includes quote; quote is cited properly _____ Context provided for quote/quote well-blended into writing _____ Discusses/analyzes quote to help support argument _____ Paragraph ends with a connection to the thesis BODY #2– ______/ 15 points _____ Transition _____ Topic sentence connects to thesis _____ Topic sentence includes main idea of paragraph _____ Paragraph includes quote; quote is cited properly _____ Context provided for quote/quote well-blended into writing _____ Discusses/analyzes quote to help support argument _____ Paragraph ends with a connection to the thesis BODY #3– ______/ 15 points _____ Transition _____ Topic sentence connects to thesis _____ Topic sentence includes main idea of paragraph _____ Paragraph includes quote; quote is cited properly _____ Context provided for quote/quote well-blended into writing _____ Discusses/analyzes quote to help support argument _____ Paragraph ends with a connection to the thesis CONCLUSION – ______/ 10 points _____ Restates thesis _____ Wraps up main points _____ Leaves reader thinking about the larger implications STYLE & MECHANICS – ______/ 10 points _____ Double spaced; 12 pt. Times New Roman font; 1† margins _____ Essay is written in present tense _____ No use of I, me, we, or YOU (personal pronouns) _____ No reference to essay or quote _____ No contractions _____ Proofread: No grammatical or spelling errors _____ Sentence structure: Essay is free of fragments and run-ons _____ Style, sentence variety, and diction (word choice) Final Draft _______/75Prewriting Work (packet): _______/51st Draft: _______/15 Peer Editing Letter: _______/152nd Draft: _______/15 Total Score_______/125Letter Grade: _______

The Devil

Proctor for avoiding church and forgetting a commandment. )The spiritual center is the church. I The Devil and Tom Walker Tom is starting to venture out on his own a bit from organized religion a la the transcendentalists, but later in life aerobically comes back to It without real passion or Interest. Halls adamant adherence to religion Is likened to his adamant adherence to greed and rings false. I Transcendentalismorganized religion is not needed and might even be a distraction to the person in obtaining spiritual enlightenment on one's own.I Land I Nature must be tamed by people and worked to obtain her resources. Forests are unknown and where the â€Å"heathen† Native Americans live. Len The Crucible a man's worth Is often tied up in how many acres he has. I Tom's usury is likened to the â€Å"land grabbers† and speculators who made money off selling land In a dishonest way. Native American view that land is not a commodity but a spiritual place. Nature should be p reserved in its wild, unadulterated state to allow for the calming presence it gives the individual as a solace away from busy and corrupting society.Hypocrisy I The Puritans held to the 10 commandments and religious doctrine, yet they were overzealous and ended up putting to death innocent people on speculation Just because they didn't conform to their rules. I Tom becomes corrupted by greed and sells his soul to the devil. He was once poor but now greedy and â€Å"ostentatious. † He uses people through his usury. I Holds that the hypocrisy comes from society that corrupts when people become â€Å"blinded† by material things and comparing themselves with others. Therefore, the individual is favored to avoid bad influences of others or via peer pressure, etc.

Tenor in Email Communication

Today we will be discussing â€Å"tenor† in workplace emails. We will: 1) explain what tenor and how it is reflected in workplace emails, 2) why using proper tenor in the workplace is important, and 3) provide tips as to how you can successfully determine tenor for use in your own workplace emails. (First Slide) What is tenor? Tenor is the tone of a form of communication that reflects the relationship between the speaker and their audience. In regards to email, it is the relationship between the writer and their recipient. Every person uses different forms of tenor on a daily basis, whether they are in the work place, at home or even with friends. Tenor is present in an email and can be reflected in a number of ways. It is most evident in the formality of the speech used and the words chosen in the communication of ideas. However, the tenor of an email can also be affected by the subject matter of an email. More serious or pressing issues often call for a more formal use of tenor. (Second Slide) Why is tenor important? Also read: The Other Side of E-mail Tenor is an important element of workplace communication for a number of reasons. Firstly, the tenor used in an email demonstrates one’s level of respect for who they are speaking to. In the workplace, it reflects the level of respect one shows for their superior, co-workers or even direct reports. This is evident in the politeness and mannerisms displayed in the email. Calling your friend â€Å"dude† may be normal in their company, but calling your boss the same may be taken as offensive or undermining. Secondly, tenor can display your dedication or seriousness about issue. While some subjects may discussed light-heartedly, such as an office event, while other require more a serious tone, such as discussing grievances or personal absences. Mistaking tenor in the workplace can have a number of negative effects. It could possibly damage your work relationships and create tension in the workplace, reduce the effectiveness of workplace communication and processes, as well as reduce your chances for advancement in a company. Always remember to consider if your words could be misinterpreted before you click send! (Third Slide) So how do you determine the proper tenor to use in your email? There are 3 simple questions that you can use to evaluate your relation to the recipient and effectively gauge the proper tenor in an email. These questions are as follows: Ask yourself – What is the recipient’s position in the company? Are they a superior? A co-worker? A direct report? While these employees all share different roles, they can all be treated with different tenors. While your boss requires a highly formal level of tenor in your communication, a co-worker may not. – What is the subject matter of the email? As we have already mentioned, the subject matter of the email you are writing may also have an effect on the tenor you should be using. For instance, consider the co-worker mentioned above. On a day-to-day basis, a co-worker may not require a highly formal tenor in communication. However, while discussing this co-worker’s grievances, bereavement leave or other personal matters, a more formal tenor may be required to spare their feelings and show your respect for their situation. – Another good question to ask yourself is: Who will have access to the email? Although you may think the email you just sent is only seen by the recipient, this may not always be true. The last thing you want to happen is for your boss to see an email that you wrote and think that you may have disrespected another employee by using informal tenor. To end this conference, we would like to suggest some tips for determining and executing proper tenor in workplace emails. 1. Always use more formal language in your initial message. Once your recipient replies, it will be easier to determine what tenor is appropriate. It is better to err towards the casual side after an exchange of emails. 2. When in doubt, mirror it out! Mirroring is a valuable tool in determining workplace tenor. When mirroring, one simply replies to an email with the same tone as the sender. In other words, send email you would like to receive and you will do no wrong. 3. Always think before you send! You may think you are communicating one message, but your recipient may read another. Always be sure to re-read you emails and consider if your words could be misinterpreted.

Ideological underpinnings of a movie Essay

An expectation has arisen among film-critics and audiences, that movie-makers will deal with the serious issues, such as racism and violence, at a serious level. In other words, it is expected by critics and film-goers alike that films will have meaning. However, if meaning is expected — what precisely creates and communicates meaning in a film? As Louis Giannetti points out in his book, Understanding Movies (2008), the presence of ideology in a film impacts the film in its entirety, from tone to theme. In Giannetti’s estimation, â€Å"ideology is another language system in film† and this language is largely conveyed through â€Å"code† (Giannetti, 453). In order to help illustrate the way that ideology influences films, Giannetti offers a series of categories into which the influence of ideology in film can be functionally divided. The following discussion of the film 300 (2007) will use Giannetti’s ideas as a support-structure to show how meaning in film is ultimately determined by the film’s prevailing ideology. In any discussion of meaning in film, it will be important to distinguish between what might be considered â€Å"overt† or even propagandistic meaning and thematic or expressive meaning. Of course this distinction is quite artificial and the two hypothetically divided types of meaning are often one and the same. That said, there is often a conspicuous difference between a film which has an explicit propagandistic agenda than a film which is based on generating thematic and emotional subtlety. The movie 300 offers, even to the most casual viewer, an example of what Giannetti calls â€Å"Explicit† ideology (Giannetti, 449). In this category of ideological content, a movie serves, at least partially, as obvious propaganda for a viewpoint or cause. That 300 functions as a form of propaganda is easily arguable. However, it is slightly more difficult to pinpoint exactly what specific cause or theme is being forwarded by the film’s ideology. In order to determine the film’s ideological bearing, closer attention must be paid to its content and its artistic tone. Giannetti mentions that tone in a film can be one of the most important aspects of presenting the film’s ideology. What Giannetti means by tone is â€Å"its manner of presentation† (Giannetti, 489). For example, in the movie 300, any number of important scenes, if played with a â€Å"comic† rather than a â€Å"heroic† tone, would create a different response in the viewer and therfore communicate a different ideological vision. Imagine the scene where Leonidas kicks the Persian messenger down the well: if the well had sounded out a loud burp after swallowing the messenger, the tone of the scene would have mocked the idea of Spartan pride and Spartan loyalty rather than celebrating it. The reason that tone is so important in a film is that it defines the way the audience will evaluate and judge the characters and scenes of a film. Because as Giannetti insists, â€Å"Tone can strongly affect our responses to a given set of values† (Giannetti, 489), tone is closely connected to ideology and theme. In the example given above, Leonidas kicks the Persian messenger down the well and this scene is presented in a heroic tone. From the outset of the film, the viewer is cued-in to understand that the Spartans are heroic and that they operate from a sense of pride and fearlessness. The tone of heroicism is conveyed not only through the action of the scene, but through the stylized representation of the characters as muscle-bound heros. The Mise-en-scene of the film is connected to the visual color-schemes of comic books and graphic novels. The sense of legend permeates the film, as it permeates the actual historical event. Therefore, the most dominant or controlling tone of 300 can be considered â€Å"heroic. † The fact that a movie has a controlling tone does not mean that other types of tones are not present in isolated scenes. In fact, the opposite is generally the case. The shifts against the dominant tone also help to convey meaning and ideology in a film. If the controlling tone of 300 is heroic, then the scenes that play against this dominant tone, such as the scene where Theron rapes Queen Gorgo, serve to reinforce the film’s dominant tone and ideology. When Theron tells the Queen she will not enjoy what is going to happen to her, the tone of the scene is tragic rather than heroic, and Theron’s status as a villain is cemented in the audience’s minds. The scene, by depicting graphically, the rape of Sparta’s Queen reinforces the heroic sacrifice of Leonidas and his men. Another aspect of films that influences ideological language is the cultural context in which a given film is made and shown. Cultural context is a crucial aspect of a film’s ideological meaning. The expectations of a given audience rest on the fact that â€Å"Every nation has a characteristic way of looking at life, a set of values that is typical of a given culture† (Giannetti, 465). The movie 300 is an American movie made for American audiences. ecause of this it would be hard for anyone to miss the obvious connections between contemporary world-events and the ideological themes that are shown in the movie. Comparisons with recent events are more or less easy. Any observer could see the present-day war against terrorism as a stand for freedom and to view the Battle of Thermopylae as a sort of allegory for the modern-day struggle against tyra nny. Obviously, the movie 300 forwards this connection through the kind of â€Å"code† that Giannetti describes. Still, as Dennis Behreandt points out in his review of the film from The New American (2007) the movie â€Å"serves to buttress the American mythos that our present-day warriors are likewise fighting for freedom in Iraq† and also that this is most evident in the scene where † Gorgo addresses the Gerousia, the Spartan Senate† when her speech could only remind any aware person of the â€Å"recent troop surge in Iraq† (Behreandt). This kind of cultural context would, obviously, be of less significance to someone who lived out side of the U. S. han to someone steeped in to American values. In addition to the cultural context of a film, there is usually a predominant political context. The political context of a film, for Giannetti, can loosely be divided into one of two categories: left and right. Left-leaning films are those that show multiple viewpoints to issues and propose more flexible responses to issues and problems. Giannetti describes leftists as people who â€Å"believe we ought to be flexible in our judgments. † By contrast, right-leaning film-makers are those who embrace a more stringent world-view. The rightist film-maker is â€Å"more absolute in judging human behavior [†¦ ] Right and wrong are fairly clear-cut and ought to be evaluated according to a strict code of conduct† (Giannetti, 457). In the case of 300, the designation of â€Å"Rightest† is, obviously, the most fitting for the film due to its tone and cultural perspective. Loosely, according to the discussion above, the following observations about 300 can be made in light of Giannetti’s criteria for evaluating the ideological underpinnings of films. First, that 300 is a film that relies predominantly on a heroic tone. Second, the film 300 depends on the specific cultural associations of American society to find its full ideological impact. Third, that 300 represents a â€Å"Rightest† political ideology. The three conclusions, taken together, along with the initial determination that 300 is an â€Å"explicit† communicator if ideology, beg the question as to whether or not 300 is more a vehicle for entertainment or propaganda. One of the opposing aspects to this idea is the fact that 300 is based on history. The idea that historical realism balances out the â€Å"poetic licesne† often taken by Hollywood regarding tone and presentation is one that, for better or worse, many film-goers probably believe. In addition to the idea that a culture could exert such self-discipline in its military caste and instill within each soldier a sense of bravery and fearlessness was a very powerful concept in 300 , which seems to resonate deeply with modern times. It is hard not to be fascinated by the Spartans, to wonder what made them as strong and resolute a they were and to wonder just as Xerxes â€Å"†What kind of men were these Spartans who in three days had slain before his Majesty’s eyes no fewer than twenty thousand of His most valiant warriors? † (Pressfield, 8). However, the fact shades of realism exist within the largely stylized or expressionistic â€Å"flavor† of the film only serves to elevate its power to transmit equally stylized (or stereotyped) ideologies. For example, the difference between vanity and pride seemed to have a great deal of influence on the Spartan conception of bravery as it was portrayed in the movie 300. Modern-day leaders would never think of putting themselves in direct danger like King Leonidas: his pride rather than his vanity dictated his actions and pride stems from a sense of civic (or national) unity. Loyalty is another important concept in the movie. It becomes the central most important idea, given that Spartan military power evolved out of the phalanx, which required the utmost loyalty and steadfastness of each warrior in the unit as a whole. The idea that â€Å"a Greek traitor showed the Persians another path, which enabled them to come round behind and encircle the Greeks† and that this ultimately led to the wholesale destruction of the Spartans at Thermopylae shows how important loyalty was to the Spartans. After Leonidas is killed † his men fought on with redoubled fury under the Persian arrows, as much to defend the fallen body of their King from the savagery of the barbarians as to show their valor† (â€Å"THE GREATEST WARRIORS†). The historical basis of the film is incorporated into the larger and more important â€Å"myth† of the movie that is conveyed in heroic tones that simplify historical subtleties and create a fictional paradigm of idealism. Therefore, the fact that realism in films can be construed into a propagandistic function, is the reality that filmmakers, and especially American filmmakers, are subject to the prejudices and â€Å"blind-spots† which are inherent to the social position they occupy and to which they owe their ability to make high-profile films. Elizabeth G. Traube’s Dreaming Identities: Class, Gender, and Generation in 1980s (1992) offers background to the mores and machinations of the filmmaking industry in America and her observations are important for understanding that movies are, in fact, propagandistic and often they represent the experience of only a very small segment of American society. This narrowness is obscured, according to Traube, beneath a veneer which can be thought of as a traditional moralistic package. Traube points out that, in reality, â€Å"audience preferences are only one of many factors that influence production decisions. Producers also shape their work to conform to dominant sensibilities and values, including those of the producing community itself† (Traube, 69). This reality combined with Traube’s complex but insightful understanding of â€Å"fairy-tale† motifs in movies is crucial to elucidating the way that anger and racial conflict are expressed propagandistically in film. All fables rely on a straightforward, linear narrative due to the fact that complex stories tend to obscure the thrust of the intended moral. Because the author of any fable is able to transform â€Å"topical news and politics into universal predicaments† (â€Å"Haggis’s Fable† 38), a fable carries with it the dangerous connotations of stereotype and oversimplification. The movie 300 stands as an heroic statement about the importance of protecting liberty and freedom. The ideological message that bravery and loyalty are essential aspects of preserving freedom and rather than Sparta, now â€Å"it is America that faces the threat from Persia† and by telling this story so forcefully and with so much passion the film embrace the â€Å"mythos of the battle rather than the historical truth of the era,† which is strongly conveyed in the film. (Behreandt). The ideological underpinnings of the movie 300 are based in a rightist, conservative set of political values that celebrate military capacity and force of strength. he films’ ideological message is one of social and civic duty as well as xenophobia. The film is geared toward an American audience in a time when America faces military challenges on several fronts and as such plays to the expectations of its audience. The tone of the film is heroic and its political ideology is conservative. The most logical conclusion that can be drawn from these facts is that, as mentioned by Giannetti, the ideological language of the film emerges as the most important aspect of the film as a whole. Further, the â€Å"code† that is used in the movie is comprised of historical truths and cultural stereotypes. The film blurs the line between entertainment and propaganda. It is accurate to suggest that the film, stripped of its propagandistic functions, would cease to exist. The unity of the film, in terms of narrative, editing, staging, costuming, scene construction and even music is derived more from a unity of ideology than from a unity of style or form. The movie follows a traditional fairy-tale arc of narrative to reinforce an already existing set of ideologies in its expected audience. Therefore, the best way in which to interpret the movie 300 is the method demonstrated by Giannetti that isolates and categorizes the ideological code of a film and makes the ideological language much more understandable for the average film-goer.

How Does John Steinbeck Create the Theme of Loliness in of Mice and Men

The Theme of Loneliness in of Mice and Men Summary:    Loneliness plays an important role in John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. As Steinbeck illustrates through Curley's wife, Candy, and Crooks, companionship and a sense of belonging are vital to human happiness; all three characters face problems and negative feelings because of their loneliness and isolation. [pic] Loneliness is one of the primary themes in Of Mice and Men. Throughout the novel, John Steinbeck shows the enormous effect that loneliness has on the characters. Steinbeck most clearly illustrates this theme through Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife. Ranch hands are ideal types of people to portray as being lonely, because their constant travel leaves them without someone to talk to or share things with. Steinbeck also shows how important it is for every human being to have a companion. Companionship is necessary in order for someone to live an enjoyable life. Although loneliness affects each one of the characters in Of Mice and Men differently, they all experience negative feelings from their lack of companionship. In Of Mice and Men, no other character outwardly conveys their loneliness more so than Curley's wife. She†¦.. Curly's wife is perhaps one of the most significant themes of loneliness in the novel. She flirts with all the guys on the farm and dresses and acts like a **** because her husband does not love her,leaves her alone all day and she's lonely. Weirdly enough,I felt sorry for her because she is trapped feeling lonely in a loveless marriage,and besides no one on the ranch ever really gives her a chance to be change,they just take one look at her and say â€Å"She's trouble†,or â€Å"I think Curly's wife is a tart†. †¢Crooks is another great theme of lonliness in the novel too. Because Crooks is African-American during the Great Depression,he is left out of the crowd at the ranch,and spends his days all alone in the stable,thus he is called The Stable Buck

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

Personal statement - Essay Example An MSc in management would help me get a job and possibly good remuneration. I believe that the knowledge and skills I will acquire from Merrick College will help me be in a better position to get more career opportunities. In addition, acquiring an MSc resonates with one of my values, which is to give others and myself the opportunity to develop. I trust that my decision to study at your esteemed institution is one of the best decisions I have made in life. This is because of the best practices as well as reputation in the course and the entire organization. The university offers courses like Management Planning and Control, Business Intelligence and statistical analysis and many more. Moreover, I am interested in MSc management because it will give an opportunity to understand more the management function. I am extremely good at international management, decision making as well as global marketing. Therefore, this course will help me get the bigger picture of international management. There are specific aspects that I am interested in while undertaking the MSc program. One of them being writing a good business proposal as this will help me face future clients with confidence, as I will be able to convince clients through my well-drafted business proposal. In addition, the incorporation of group work in the learning process will help me gain more confidence as participation is important. Moreover, the interactions during discussions will enhance my learning as students learn from one another. My professional network will grow therefore giving me an opportunity to find work in better organizations. My undergraduate program has given me adequate skills necessary for master’s program. I am a committed member in various clubs including the management and leadership club that have grown my leadership skills. I am planning to work as I pursue my masters’ course and this will help me get experience in management. I have both long and long

Comparison and Contrast JB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison and Contrast JB - Essay Example I was sub-divisional police officer of the town, and in an aimless, petty kind of way anti-European feeling was very bitter† (Orwell). Once locals came to him and reported that one of the elephants in the market brawls: he had the pairing period when these usually peaceful animals become aggressive. One of the workers was killed, thus the elephant must have been also killed. The police officer Blair took the gun and ran to the market. Having seen an elephant, which, seemingly, already calmed down and was peacefully eating the bush, he aimed, but something stopped him. At last Eric Blair killed the elephant, but felt neither pleasure, nor pride. The mask of "white mister", fortunately, never suited him. He accuses the imperialism and the relations set by it of the death of the elephant: â€Å"All this was perplexing and upsetting. For at that time I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing and the sooner I chucked up my job and got out of it the better. Theoretically – and secretly, of course – I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British. As for the jo b I was doing, I hated it more bitterly than I can perhaps make clear† (Orwell). But the quoted fragment concerns not only the relationship of colonialists and colonized. Orwell was able to feel and understand the mood of the masses, described the important psychological connection between the crowd and the leader. Between those who are given the power like the British police officer in a Burmese solitude, and the masses, which observe with interest how this person will dispose of what he was given. Not only observes, but also expects and demands. Eric Blair didnt want to kill the elephant, but couldnt prevent this and had to do that. Another person in his place, on the contrary, would make it with pleasure, to confirm the status. The Orwells story is

Hospitality management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Hospitality management - Essay Example Though I had passion in this field, I had to read and understand many facts about this academic discipline. From void literature to noteworthy complex materials, I embarked on a journey of seeking knowledge. I must admit that although I got varied interpretations, the messages were clear and interesting. Additionally, I must admit that I have been a thinker right through my course as a student of hospitality management. Nonetheless, I must say that through continuous class attendance and personal studies, my skills continue to increase tremendously. As compared to the past, I now know much more and this is something that inspires me most. My critical analysis skills have increased greatly, and undoubtedly, in everything I learn or do, I always ask myself â€Å"why† on very many instances. Although being only a first year student, I have learnt on how to challenge myself by digging deep into manuscripts where I will probably find the necessary details that will not only satisfy me, but also help me in my academic journey. Most importantly, I believe that through education and hard work, one can become successful in life (Annie, Howard & Mildred, 1996, p. 2). To start with, academic skills are a compilation of learning strategies, learning tendencies, and time supervision contrivances, which will enable a student to achieve his or her expectations in school or at college. Many students, me included, understand that learning entails many more things other than accessibility to information. For instance, our tutors always incorporate academic skills in their lessons to help us understand and master the necessary skills and concepts. In fact, these skills help us to tackle exams and tests, and additionally, they are imperative in the days ahead. As a college student, I have attended various workshops to nurture my academic skills. In my first workshop I attended barely

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Annotated Bibliography Example Barry’s article analyzes both arguments for and against the issue of gay marriage. The article aims is at providing a better understanding to the world before giving a summary of his opinion. Barry defines gay marriage as marriage between two people with the same gender identity. According to Barry (260), those in support of the gay marriage view the arrangement as marriage of equality. Proponents of gay marriage believe that this union should be of little concern to an individual as the case of heterosexual marriage. Therefore, gay couples should be allowed to celebrate their union in public just like normal couples. On the contrary, those opposed to gay marriage argue that, since time in memorial, marriage institution has always been defined as between two people of different sex. That is man and woman. In addition, marriage is about procreation and bringing up of the children within a family. According to Gale, Equal Marriage is dated back in 2001 when Joe and Kevin Bourassa married in Toronto Metropolitan Church. Thereafter, the two proceeded to court seeking the states recognition of their marriage right. This article provides an alternate point of view of gay marriage. According to Gale, the Ohio court instituted a right to same sex. Therefore, no state within U.S. should treat gay marriage as illegal. Despite the struggles in both political and legal field, we should know the world still discriminates the gay family. However, members of gay family have inner strength, resilience, and wisdom. These qualities help them develop unique ways in which they conduct their relationship. Nagle outlines his understanding on this hotly debated topic of gay marriages. As a rule of democracy, Nagle explains that every member of the society is entitled to his/her rights, expression, association, and opinions. He refers to the statement by the Prime- Minister who on his part hinted that gay marriage is not a matter of ‘if’ but

Coursework Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case Study - Coursework Example However, in case of violation of the legally binding contract, the non breaching party is permitted to take a legal action of filing a lawsuit to demand for the payment of damages incurred as a result of immature cancellation (Chitty 2012, p. 145). Alternatively, the breaching party is mandated by law to compensate the aggrieved party in this case Antony is obligated to pay Joyce and Taz for contravening the existing terms. Despite the measures in place to safeguard the success of any legally binding contract such as that involving a company selling goods and services, instances of violation are rampant because people do not comprehend the basics of law. According to common law, contracts operate within legal systems that entail forging a lawful accord where two or more members seek an agreement to conduct a given activity. Therefore, in Antony’s case, whether he has reached a legally binding contract with Joyce on the choice of supply depends on several factors worth noting. For example, Antony is in agreement with Joyce because there was an offer and acceptance where he promised to supply 100 pieces at the cost of ?350 per piece. This implies that the element of contractual law called the ‘meeting of the minds’ had been achieved to satisfy the wishes of both parties. Additionally, the exchange of promise from Antony signifies his willingness to provide clothe pieces at a subsidized price and hence expand the business prospects of his Rocco Company. Antony must also acknowledge the essence of ‘consideration’ in legally binding agreement that encompasses his promises and acts of assuring Joyce that she would receive the 100 pieces at a lowered price to elevate her business through increased sales and profits (Harris 2007, p. 110). This is called the enforceable contract and it often entails consideration as a binding word for the first party offering the promise such as Antony in his prospects of supplying Joyce with clothes. En forceable contract, according to legal experts, is achievable either orally as was done by Antony and therefore, cannot rescind his promise or through writing. However, in special instances as stipulated by state by-laws, some enforceable contracts are only legally binding in writing. Contrastingly, this does not overrule verbal contracts that are enforceable such as the case of Antony who stated in person that she would assist Joyce by cutting the garment prices from ?1000 to a manageable ?350 per piece. This suggests that while Antony’s main idea was to double the sale of Rocco products and establish strong image for his name, the verbal communication with House of Style Department fixed a contract that cannot be contravened under any legal terms (Koffman & Macdonald 2007 134). Interestingly, Antony’s decision to cancel the agreement is part of a legally enforceable contract recognized by the law and hence accorded Joyce an edge in upholding the agreement. An agreeme nt to perform a particular act such as supplying garment pieces also signified a binding agreement for both parties thus preventing Antony from altering his mind concerning his promise. Advice, therefore, in a legally binding contract requires all the members involved in the contract to find a neutral platform of amending the considerations before recalling any emerging obligations. Contrastingly, the conditions of agreement always

The Sadhu case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Sadhu case - Essay Example Eventually, the Sadhu gained the energy to walk by himself. The theories include moral relativism, categorical imperative, utilitarian, ethical egoism, and divine command (Jennings 13). In moral relativism, one assesses the prevailing situation and resolves to take an action that will be justified by the pressure of the moment. All the groups and individuals abandoned the Sadhu after giving him all the necessary assistance and realizing that he would move on his own. They had to move before the road was cleared by melting snow. Their need to get back their way before they could lose it justified their actions to abandon the Sadhu. The theory of categorical imperative was also evident among all the groups and individuals. They all helped the Sadhu even when they could not benefit anything from their actions. However, they were influenced by the fact that they expected to be treated in a similar manner should they find themselves in a needy situation like that of the Sadhu. According to the theory of utilitarian, people should chose make a decision with maximum benefits and minimum harms when resolving ethical dilemmas. One of the New Zealanders identified the body of the Sadhu and did his best to take him down the mountain before he met McCoy. He dumped the body of the Sadhu before McCoy and resumed back to climbing the mountain with his friends (Jennings 6). That was the best he could do because he was supposed to cross the pass before sun could melt the ice. Ethical egoism is evident when Pasang refused to allow the porters to carry the Sadhu because they would not have enough energy to cross the pass after carrying the Sadhu to the hut. Pasang heavily relied on the porters to carry his luggage. The divine command theory is based on the idea that ethics is defined by religious beliefs. Stephen was a staunch Christians who believed in putting the interests of others before his own interests. He managed to assists the Sadhu even though he

Instructional presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Instructional presentation - Essay Example Jim Fay’s (1995) discussion of three major teaching styles reminders readers that feedback sends not only the overt message of the words used but the covert messages of tone, actions and general body language. Of the three teaching styles - helicopter, drill sergeants, and consultants – it is the consultant teacher who embodies the overt and covert â€Å"messages of personal worth, dignity, and strength† (Fay & Funk, 1995, p. 197). When looking to the strategies employed by consultant teachers, it becomes obvious that these can be used with all teaching styles to provide corrective feedback in a whole instruction setting. First, educators should make sure the questions being asked are of appropriate difficulty and cognitive levels while being stated as clearly as possible. Schroeder (n.d.) suggests that questions dealing with new material should be such that 80% of the responses given are correct and 90+% for review materials. Educators may find that low-level questions that ask what, where, and who are best for this. Such pedagogical procedures will promote self-esteem as well as momentum needed to progress with instructional activities. Students will then be more willing to work for answers to higher order questions dealing with the why and how. Secondly, teachers should react to responses in such a way as to encourage student answers. Quick, certain responses that are correct need only affirmation that they are indeed correct. Correct but hesitantly given responses need the affirmation of correctness as well as praise and perhaps a short review of why the response is correct. Incorrect responses that are due to a careless error need only a quick reference to the error and time for the student to be allowed to provide the correct answer. Incorrect answers based on a lack of knowledge should be met with prompts and hints that may engage the needed information. Clarifying, rephrasing, or even changing the

Annotated Bibliography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example For prehending, students learn through a concrete experience. In transforming, students are geared more towards active experimentation. These two processes can be placed onto a quadrant in which each quarter contains a certain learning style. The learning styles used by Kolb are â€Å"Assimilators,† â€Å"Divergers,† Convergers,† and â€Å"Accommodators.† For this study, participants were chosen from the Taxes and Personal Finance course at the Lubar School of Business at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. A total of 159 participants were given two versions of WBI that had the same content and were only different with the accessibility on the platform. The results found that for each WBI module, each learning style was balanced. For student reaction, the participants were given an eight question Likert-type scale ranging from Did Not Like (1) to Liked Very Much (4). The results of this survey found that there was little difference between participants o f both WBI modules. Overall, the study found that with WBI, there is not any difference between the learning styles of students and type of online instruction. When it comes to construction projects in Hong Kong, there are certain criteria that are used to determine the success of the project. However, the definition of the success of a project depends on the view of a number of stakeholders, such as clients, consultants or designers, and contractors. This study aims to compare the responses of all of these stakeholders based on a set of criteria used to measure a project’s success. After reviewing literature, nine specific performance criteria were chosen for this study: profit, time, no claims or contractual disputes, job satisfaction, quality, safety, environment, generation of innovative ideas, and effectiveness. The definition of performance criteria is given as a benchmark to evaluate

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board - Essay Example Although the nurse’s main concern is safety to the patient, nurses can protect themselves from facing any legal actions by adhering to the nursing principles before taking any action. It is important to ensure that all the actions are within the nursing practice. Before taking any action in nursing practice one needs to consider the patients signs and symptoms. This is done by assessing the patient’s data and appropriate identification of the patient’s problem. Proper assessment of the symptoms and signs allows for proper diagnosis which in turn leads to proper medication. Properly administer medication is key to determining whether an identified action falls within the sphere of nurse practice. The frequent errors in administering medication jeopardize the safety of the patient. Besides causing harm to the patient, such action leads to an expensive follow-up litigation, care and financial awards for compensation. In nursing practice it is important to know the right drugs to administer. In nursing practice it is important to consider the health conditions of the patient. Patient’s conditions are useful in telling any improvements or deterioration in the patient’s health. This is achievable through continuous assessment of the patient. Understanding patient’s condition allows for appropriate

Identify Savas Four strategies of privatization Research Paper

Identify Savas Four strategies of privatization - Research Paper Example There is no unanimous agreement on the set of words to define privatization. However, the word, in most cases, is associated with the ideological approach that involves the private sector, either partially or totally, to achieve public goals. E.S. Savas compares it to the exchange of roles between the government and the private segment (Hodge, 2006). Savas outlines various approaches through which government can implement privatization. Load shedding is one of the strategies. In this case, the government loses part or the whole of its ownership to private operators (Lawther, 2000). When left in the hands of the government, most of the enterprises become exploitive. Application of user charges is another strategy. To improve the economic society, goods and services that are provided directly by the government can be subjected to such charges. This aims at disclosing the real costs of the goods and services preventing any inclusion of unwanted expenses (Kemp, 2007). The third strategy is the introduction of competition. Most public sectors and cartels do not embrace competition which is, however, essential in improving public services. When there are various institutions interested in the same market, competition automatically arises (Otenyo & Lind, 2006). This gives customers a wide range of choice leading to appreciation of high quality products only. Finally, another way to privatize enterprises is by limiting government involvement in business procedures such as by making grants through the private sector (Hodge, 2006). This simplifies the public’s effort to assess the growth and development projects. Privatization is an essential practice in all aspects of life. In Florida, there has been continuous urge to privatize the prison system. Earlier this year, the state governor, showed deeper in implementing the same. Legislators who pioneered this idea typically consulted the Savas’ privatization strategies. According to the department of corrections,

The Leadership Effectiveness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Leadership Effectiveness - Research Paper Example The total quality management reveals the standard followed by the organization right from the minute inputs details to the final delivery of the product or service. The TQM depicts the facts which enable the organization to perceive the mission to excel in the business. It provides a platform to achieve results by concentrating on the factors which influence the most in this contemporary world "the customer focus" and "the customer acceptability". A leader has to perceive a 3600 view of every aspect right from the product manufacturing to the customer value perceptions; which depicts the ideal qualities to be followed; Deming created a philosophical framework of fourteen quality management points stresses on the importance of the employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction with equal value to the customer satisfaction. Andrew Grove stated, "If senior managers and know-how managers share a common view of the industry, the likelihood of their acknowledging changes in the environmen t and responding in an appropriate fashion will greatly increase. Sharing a common picture of the map of the industry and its dynamics is a key tool in making your organization an adaptive one." (Andrew, 1999) Whereas the contingency theory is about the leaders who are task oriented and adapt according to the tasks and some leaders respond with the inter-relationship among the employees to do the work. The situational leadership theory explains the qualities of the leader’s to make to devise the strategies according to the attitude of the employees working under him, thus framing the decisions to make the subordinates feel comfortable to the new techniques adjust to the situation or to the operational environment concerning in that area. I personally observed this concept within my organization.   When I was a First Sergeant of an organization of 145 Soldiers, I used this concept daily. I was not given a choice of who my Soldiers were or came from; consequently, I had to adapt and apply each skill to each individual Soldier.

The Americanization of Shadrah Cohen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Americanization of Shadrah Cohen - Essay Example This is a basic human instinct to adopt standards, culture, norms, dress, and behavior in order to integrate into the society. The second is more active and requires that the person realize that they are different and actively try to change themselves in order to become more like their host culture. These changes are shown in people in a number of different ways. The story that has been read, â€Å"The Americanization of Shadrah Cohen† shows how these exact changes came to be manifested in the life of the young immigrant. This essay will follow these changes and help the reader to understand how they came to be shown within Shadrah Cohen over time. As the story begins, Shadrah Cohen came to the United States just like many tens of thousands of Jewish Russian emigres in and around the turn of the century. Having brought with him enough money to begin a small shop in lower New York, Shadrah along with his brother begin at the very bottom of American society and work to build the ir way up. Theirs is the immigrant story. The story itself is somewhat predictable and standard up until the arrival of Shadrah and his brother’s father from Russia. When the father sets foot on American land for the first time, he is a strange creature in what he sees as a foreign land. However, his sons meet him and have a different perspective; even though they are from the same ethnicity and the same country of origin. The father still wears his long side burns in the traditionally Jewish curly fashion, still wears the oversized long black coat that he wore in Russia, and has a very long, overgrown, beard. Due to the way that Shadrah has come to identify with his new environment and culture, he is a little bit embarrassed by the way that his father reminds him of the old country and his traditionally Jewish roots. As he greets his father on the docks, he and his brother are both dressed in Western clothing, wearing nicely pressed suits with a diamond tie clip. Accordingly , he offers his father to take him to a barber to have his traditional hair style cut as well as to take him to the clothing store to get him out of the traditional Jewish clothes he is wearing. In a way, his father probably reminds him of the way he looked when he first came to the United States and for this reason it embarrasses Shadrah to the point that he wants to change this as soon as possible. In a way, the story that is told is very close to the experience that many immigrants have. As they grow into a new culture, they begin to forget both actively and passively their cultural origins and traditions. This happens so much that when they are faced with the way that they used to look, used to dress, or used to behave they see it from a different perspective and are almost embarrassed with it. What is not discussed in the story is what ultimately happened with the father. Due to the fact that his sons both assimilated to such a high degree and in such a short period of time, on e could assume that the father did so as well. However, the fact of the matter is that it is likely that the father, due to his age, would not so easily forget his culture or the roots that he has in the old country. Whereas both of his sons quickly tried to hide their identity and melt into the American culture, the father chose to hold on to his and represent who he truly was rather than putting forward a face that was not representative of his ethnicity or his culture. Work Consulted Lessing, Bruno. "Short Story: The Americanization of Shadrach Cohen."

Assess the hierarchical structure of the court system in England and Essay - 4

Assess the hierarchical structure of the court system in England and Wales. To what extent does the common law doctrine of binding precedent engage with this structure - Essay Example The structure of the courts that lie along all the three jurisdiction are always arranged in accordance to the cases subject matter that have been brought before the court instead of the source of the laws that will be applied in making rulings to the cases. The latter formed a strong basis for a great deal in the whole court structure in England and wales until towards the end of the nineteen-century, but some influence is still seen to date. All the other courts in the hierarchical structure of the legal system are bound to any decision and judgments made by the House of Lords. Despite this bond, the decision is only exempted to the House of Lords rulings itself. Previously, the House of Lords used to be bound to its decisions that were made in previous rulings until the practice was changed back in the year nineteen sixty-six. The old practice rationale was that the decision made by the highest court in the country was meant to be final so that certainty in the law would be and henceforth finality in litigation. However, due to changes seen in the social conditions, the law was changed. The current practice, therefore, enables the highest court that is the House of Lords to adapt to the laws of England and wales so that it can be able to meet the ever-changing social conditions. In addition, to enable the structure to be able to pay its attention to the decisions made by the superior courts within the commonwealth. The freedom bestowed upon the House of Lords currently to change its decision that it made previously creates recognition that law, whether it has been expressed in cases or printed in statutes, is considered to be living. Because of this, institutions must change to adapt to the circumstances under which these laws apply if practical relevance of the laws is to be retained. The court of appeal lies second in the ranking of the courts.

Gay marriage in America Essay Example for Free

Gay marriage in America Essay America was built on the foundation of equality for all men; however, not until recently have gay and lesbian individuals inherited such civil rights. One of the largest and most pressing issues effecting the gay population is the issue of gay marriage. Marriage is defined as â€Å"the relationship that exists between a husband and wife or a similar relationship between people of the same sex† (Websters). Within the past ten years fifteen states have legalized gay marriage. â€Å"As of Nov. 13, 2013, gay marriage has been legalized in 15 US states (CA, CT, DE, HI, IA, MA, MD, ME, MN, NH, NJ, NY, RI, VT, and WA) and the District of Columbia. 34 states have gay marriage bans through either laws or constitutional amendments or both.† (Procon) Fifteen states legalizing gay marriage in ten years is a strong the accomplishment however, it is still, and continues to be, a very polarizing issue within the country. The passage and acceptance of gay marriage effects many different diversity categories including but not limited to age, religion, and ethnicity and race, and economic status. Age There is a direct correlation between age and the opinion of same sex marriage in America. According to The Pew Research Center, younger Americans are much more accepting and favor same sex unions over older Americans (PewResearchgroup). â€Å"Individuals, born after 1980, favor allowing gays and lesbians to marry legally by a 53%-to-39% margin, while there is less support for same-sex marriage among Baby Boomers those born 1946 to 1964 than among younger age groups. Currently, 38% favor allowing gays and lesbians to marry legally while 52% are opposed† (Pew Research) These recent poling numbers would suggest a continuing trend from generation to generation; each new generation is more in favor of same sex marriage than the previous. With more Americans favoring same sex marriage than ever before, one would believe this trend of acceptance of gay marriage will continue over the next generations to come. Religion There is a strong relationship between how religious you see yourself and your views and attitudes toward gay marriage. This idea is not very surprising although very important as it contributes to an understanding of the religious factors that influence opinions about issues directly impacting the gay population. â€Å"Religious attendance is associated with negative attitudes towards gay and lesbians and less support to gay and lesbian civil rights.† (Todd and Ong, 1) There is a positive link between high religious attendance and negative attitudes towards gay marriage; religious attendance is a constant predictor of attitudes towards gay marriage. Within subgroups of religion such as Christian Orthodoxy and conservative Protestant, â€Å"with such an identification, therefore reducing the odds of supporting gay marriage.† (Todd and Ong, 1) Findings suggest the more one identifies and strictly follows their religious views has a direct link to their views on gay marri age. Ethnicity and Race Views and opinions, whether they be negative or positive regarding gay marriage changes and varies within ethnicities and race. African-Americans are generally more opposed to gay marriage versus their white counterparts. â€Å"African-American religiosity is primarily responsible for their conservative views about homosexuality and same-sex marriage.† (Sherkat, Mattias de Vries, and Creek, 81) The factors of race and religion closely relate to each other in this aspect and help to influence each other. As stated above religion has great influence on ones views of same-sex marriage and â€Å"African-Americans have the highest rates of religious participation of any subgroup of the U.S. population† (Sherkat, Mattias de Vries, and Creek 81) â€Å"Between 1998 and 2004, white opposition to same-sex marriage declined to under 54 percent, and it dipped to under 46 percent by 2008. Opposition to same-sex marriage also declined substantially for those of â€Å"other† races, decreasing to under 40 percent in the 2004 survey, and fluctuating between 45percent in 2006 and 43 percent in 2008. Yet, African-American opposition did not decline substantially between 1988 and 2006.† (Sherkat, Mattias de Vries, and Creek 81) Within different races the opinions of gay marriage seem to be changing with the times except for the African-American race. Again, whether it is due to outside factors of religion, culture, or tradition, the African-American race seems to be lagging in the forward movement of gay marriage. Summary As Americans we are guaranteed certain inalienable civil rights and liberties, however as we have seen and know that is not always true. Based on an individual’s sexual preference the ability to marry is not always assured. Factors such as age, religion, ethnicity and race, and economic status greatly influence ones opinion on same sex marriage. Those who are older and more religious oppose gay marriage more than their counterparts who are younger and less religious. Is this to say every older religious individual does not believe in same sex marriage? The answer is no; however, these factors such as age and religiousness tend to follow these trends. There is also variation in opinions within races and ethnicities. White Americans seem to be the most accepting of gay marriage over African-Americans and other races. Discussion The decision on choosing gay marriage legalization and views in America today comes from the realization that there are more gay couples seeking marriage in today’s society than ever before. Gay marriage is no different than heterosexual marriage between a man and a woman with the one obvious exception of gay marriage being between two individuals of the same-sex. Often times, gay marriages are not granted the same civil rights and civil liberties as their heterosexual counterparts. Age, religion, ethnicity and race, and economic status greatly factor into ones positive or negative  views on gay marriage. Throughout this course I have learned that some individuals or even groups of people, such as the gay population, have a very difficult time obtaining the same advantages as their peers. In the past, homosexuality was something to be feared, however, today the public opinion of gay marriage is changing for the better. Stereotypes and prejudices still exist today however they are slowly being phased out by an understanding and more positive attitude towards gay marriage. As of today fifteen states have legalized gay marriage with many other states predicated to soon follow suit. This research has helped me better understand the struggle and plight that the gay community often faces for basic civil rights. Liberties and benefits that I take for granted that come along with marriage are not often extended to the gay community based solely on sexual orientation. I have gained a new appreciation of marriage because I know it is not something that is equal for everyone as well as not obtainable for every individual at this present time. Marriage is not something to be taken for granted because there are those that still cannot share in its wealth. American was built on the foundation of freedom for all regardless of differing diversities; I believe this should hold true for all regardless of sexual orientation. Work Cited â€Å"Gay MarriageProCon.org.† ProConorg Headlines. ProConorg, 11 Nov.2013. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. Kohut, Andrew. â€Å"Less Opposition to Gay Marriage, Adoption and Military Service.† Pew Research Center for the People and the Press RSS. People Press, 22 Mar. 2006. Web. 06 Nov. 2013 â€Å"Marriage.† Marriage. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. Sherkat, Darren, Kylan Mattais De Vrias, and Stacia Creek. Race, Religion, and Opposition to Same-. Social Science Quarterly (2010): 80-100. EBSCO. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. . Todd, Nathan R., and Katherine S. Ong. Political and Theological Orientation as Moderators for the Association between Religious Attendance and Attitudes toward Gay Marriage for White Christians. Psychology of Religion and Spirtuality 4.1 (2011): 56-70. EBSCO. Web. 2013. .

Issues and Traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essay Example for Free

Issues and Traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essay Religion takes on many different forms and there are several definitions in as many languages used to describe the practices. For the purposes of this paper, the following basic definition will be used. Religion is the belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe. Also, a personal or institutionalized system grounded in such belief and worship (Company, 2000). This paper will examine three major religions of today: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. An attempt will be made to identify the top two current issues each religion faces as well as look at two sacred traditions and study the significance and major characteristics of each. Judaism Judaism is monotheistic in nature and has been described as a religion, a race, a culture, and a nation. All of these descriptions have some validity to them but Judaism is best described by some as an extended family (Rich, 2006). This extended family consists of four movements Reform, Conservative, Orthodox, and Reconstructionist. All of which, still find themselves victims of discrimination known as anti-Semitism which is based on stereotypes and myths and often invokes the belief that Jews have extraordinary influence with which they conspire to harm or control society. For those Jews living in the Middle East there is also the very real danger and threats from a powerful country possibly in possession of nuclear weapons. The president of Iran threatened them publicly with annihilation. Discrimination and threats of violence Jews are a very real part of Jewish life but there are just as many positive popular time honored traditions that exists still today. One of which is the wedding tradition. The tradition begins with the husband signing a Ketabuh, the groom’s marital contractual obligation to the bride. The groom is then led to the Chuppah, a tarp this symbolizes their future home together. The bride is led in with singing and dances and then she circles the groom seven and comes to stand to the right of him. After several additional steps the marriage is blessed and ends in a wedding feast. Another Jewish tradition performed prior to Yom Kippur is called the ceremony of kapparot. The practice was first discussed at the beginning of the ninth century. It was believed that the sins of an individual could be transferred to a fowl, a rooster for men and a hen for women. The fowl was to be held over the head and swung in a circle three times while the following was spoken: This is my exchange, my substitute, my atonement; this rooster (or hen) shall go to its death, but I shall go to a good, long life, and to peace. (Schwartz, 2009) The fowl was then donated to the poor and hoped to take on any misfortune that might have occurred to the one who took part in the ritual. The primary sacred text used by the Jews is the Torah. Christianity is currently noted to be the largest religion in the world today, with around two billion followers. Christian beliefs center on the life, death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ as the son of God. Jesus’ teachings focused on the kingdom of God, love of God, and love of one another. Today there are many different views his teachings and the meaning of some forms of love. One of the most controversial topics in the faith today is that of practicing homosexuality. The Christian bible stems from the Jewish sacred text which banned homosexuality of any kind. The bible even talks of God destroying two cities over homosexual behavior (Clark, 2009). Today many leaders condone the behavior and some are even practicing it themselves. While homosexuality may serve as a religious divider here in the U. S. , persecution is served cold as a divisionary disabling tactic abroad. It is the number one issue facing many Christians today, outright discrimination as in the case with Jews as mentioned earlier. In countries such as Iraq, Afghanistan, China, Saudi Arabia, and others Christians are being martyred because of their refusal to denounce Christianity. Everyday there are approximately 465 people killed because they will not give up their faith in Jesus (Dearmore, 2009). Most Christians in the U. S. attend a church service of some kind one to three times a week. This is a time honored tradition, just as the wedding tradition is in Judaism. The reason behind this is to participate in a time of fellowship with one another. Normally, the tradition includes worship service, private and corporate prayer, the study and reading of scriptures, and collection of tithes and offerings. There is also the coming together for celebration of special holidays. The most important Christian holiday is Easter, the celebration of the resurrection of Christ and Christmas the celebration of his birth. Christian practices differ by denomination. Easter is a central theme for most if not all denominations. The origin of the word â€Å"Easter† is not certain but it was probably derived from Estre, an Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring (Dreamweaver, 2009). It is a celebration of the central event of the Christian faith, the belief that Jesus rose from the dead on the third day following his death and burial. It is the oldest Christian holiday and the most important day of the church year. There is evidence that the resurrection used to be celebrated every Sunday until some point in the first two centuries when it was agreed to move it to once a year. The sacred text of Christianity is the Bible. Islam The Islamic religion is monotheistic in nature; they follow one God named Allah. The primary meaning of Islam is peace and the prime message is the Unity of God. Islam identifies Jesus and John the Baptist as prophets. They also believe that there will be no other prophet after the prophet Muhammad. One of the primary concerns facing the Muslim community still today is retribution after the terrorists’ attacks of 11 Sept 2001. Many Islamic followers faced discrimination on all fronts because of the fear of their culture and religious stereotyping (Clark, 2009). The attacks on American soil left a scary imprint of terror in the minds and hearts of many. The media portrayal added fuel to the fire and did nothing to ease the tensions caused by the scary pictures of death left behind. Unfortunately, there is also the fight with fundamentalist ideology and division among their own religious sects. Some groups are teaching others to hate Jews, Christians, and Americans as well as others. In the midst of this hate is a tradition of peace and goodwill towards others. One of the most important traditions is the observance of the Five Pillars of Islam. This involves witnessing to the fact that there is none worthy of worship except Allah. The second pillar is Salat, facing toward Mecca, the Holy Land of Muhammad, five times a day and kneeling in prayer. The third pillar is Alms giving, which encompasses giving charitably to other Muslims. The fourth is the performance of a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. Last is to observe fasting during Ramadan. Muslims normally worship in Mosque; they kneel prostrate on small prayer rugs. The rugs may look to be small oriental carpets. Muslims kneel as a sign of humility before God. There is only one requirement that the place of prayer be clean. The rug is approximately one meter in length just long enough for an adult to fit on comfortably. When prayer time comes the rug is placed on the ground with the top pointed in the direction of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. After prayer the rug is immediately folded and put away until next time. The Arabic word for a prayer rug is sajada, which comes from the same root word (SJD) as masjed (mosque) and sujud (prostration) (Huda, What are prayer rugs, and how are they used by Muslims? ). This paper discussed three major religions of today and two current issues that they face. It also examined the characteristics of some of their valued traditions. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have one central theme in common besides the discrimination they all endure; they are all monotheistic in nature. They all believe in their own sacred text, their own version of truth. References http://islam.about.com/od/prayer/f/prayer_rugs.htm http://www.jewfaq.org/judaism.htm http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/kapparot.html

Cultural Differences In Interpersonal Relationships English Language Essay

Cultural Differences In Interpersonal Relationships English Language Essay What is your friendship style. It is probably different for each one of you and you all have your own friendship style as well. Friendship consist of mutual liking, trust, respect, tolerance, and often even love and acceptance under any conditions. They are established usually on the basis of similarities or common ground between the individuals. Friendship in real life may involve intimate touching between individuals. We can be a friend no matter what reasons. It does not matter where we from, which countries. Therefore, I would want to discuss about the difference between friendship styles with cultural background especially, cultural differences in interpersonal relationships. Many foreigner comers to the United States mention that people from US do not know what true friendship is. Americans seem very friendly at first time, but the friendships do not forward to another step. Americans are usually very friendly and kind to people eventhough they are not really close with, and they also being more generous in what others talk about than people are from many other countries. Because of this, it can be make someone to confuse who comes from a country where people are deserved first. It may seem like some difficulty to other people who from many other countries. 2 Case descriptions Steve and Yarer first met in their chemistry class at an American university. Yarer was a student from Jordan. He was excited to get to know an American; he wanted to learn more about American culture and hoped that he and Steve would become good friends. At first, Steve seemed very friendly. He always greeted Yarer warmly before class. Sometimes he offered to study with Yarer. He even invited Yarer to eat lunch with him. But after the semester was over, Steve seemed more distant. The two former classmates didnt see each other very much at school. One day Yarer decided to call Steve. Steve didnt seem very interested in talking to him. Yarer was hurt by Steves change of attitude. Steve said we were friends, Yarer complained. And I said friends forever. What was wrong in the relationship between Yarer and Steve? Are Americans fickle? Why did Yarer feel confused? Because he is an outsider to American culture, he doesnt understand the way Americans view friendship. Americans use the word friend in a very general way. They may call both acquaintances and close companions Friends. Americans have school friends, work friends, sports friends and neighbourhood friends. These friendships are based on common interests. When the shared activity ends, the friendship may fade. 3 Analysis and solutions of the case 3.1 Problems and underlying cultural differences As you can see this case, there is one big problem. Steve and Yarer they did not understand their cultural background. Understanding ones cultural background is not easy and simple. However, if you want to make effort to make a friend, you should know about his or her cultural differences. What is the most important point to considered an appropriate topic to discuss about with your friends from many other countires. Many international students said that they do not know how to make a good conversation with Americans and suffered from make a friend in US, because of a lack of understanding ones cultural factors like background information. People from different cultures have different organizations of interpersonal relationships and they have different expectations of people in the same category. As you know, Steve is from US. He seemed very friendly at first time, but it did not go for long relationship. So Yarer disappointed about Steves behave and he confused why Steve changed. From this case, we can find out what is American friendship style like. According to Cornell University international student and scholars office department, they mentioned that what is American friendship like. The American pattern shows typical Americans friendships are like they initially kind at first time because they do not really put any meaning to word friend. For instance, in US, word friend mean anything like many kinds of friend. There could be work friend, study friend, gym friend and so on. Therefore you do not have to put a big meaning to be a friend. Just try to get use to their friendship style because we all have other kinds of friendship style depends on what countries we are from. 3.2 Solutions and recommendations Your friendship and the way you look at friendships will be influenced by your culture. In cultures around the earth we observe friendship defined by the way people interact with each other, how they display their affection toward close and loving friends. But the word friend has different meanings in different countries. The misunderstanding about friend during intercultural communication sometimes may hurt ones feeling and cause in bad effects as well. Many international newcomers or students feel very disappointed that they do not know Americans well. Here are some advices: Even though you wish that Americans will invite you to come over and hang it out to get to know each other, do not take it seriously. They may not put any meaning of it. Just try to take it as a refuse to your request. Take the first step as make you to get close with them. Do not be frustrated to ask about certain thing that you need to know. talk with them with interesting topics. Such as talk about your country, cultural background and etc. They will interest to those topics because differences between culture factors always sounds fun. -Approach to them with your own friendship style. Do not frustrated to talk to them and shared your thinking. They will welcome what you think about them and care about them as well. If you want to be a good friend, just show them your true heart. It will bring out a trustworthy friendship to you If you think too much to make friend from many other countries, it will not forward to another steps to move on. You should act with confidence. And do not forget you should try to know other peoples cultural background. Also, you need to understand and respect their cultural background. 4 Conclusion The meaning of friendship may give everyone to interest but it also sort of difficult to describe. Communication style differences can also bring out misunderstandings about the other persons intentions and purpose. A main point to having successful intercultural relationship is establishing an effective relational culture. It is true that understanding ones cultural background is sort of difficult however; we should put our effort to make a good relationship with people from many other countries. If you want to maintain a good friendship with others, you should respect others first and approach to them with your true heart. People from many other countries may have different friendships between you have so we should prepare to comprehend others cultural fact and background information. Like any other friendship, intercultural friendships still hold a lot of uniqueness. In fact, friendship rules are individually negotiated so that no two friendships are alike. We create our own relat ional culture that determines whether we will be successful. 5 Literature http://www.silvaultramindsystem.com: The Silva Methods latest and most up to date program for training your intuition http://www.china-nafsa.aief-usa.org/chpter3.pdf http://www.friendship.com.au/ http://www.helium.com/knowledge/143177-what-is-friendship

Lifestyle Changes in the 1920s US

Lifestyle Changes in the 1920s US â€Å"Cultural civil war† (Digital History), Symbolizes the era of the 1920s. Author F. Scott Fitzgerald labeled this decade the Jazz Age. In his novel, The Great Gatsby, he criticized the exterior and possessive lives of Americans after the war. The traditional lifestyles were fading away while the luxurious, party lifestyle flourished. Throughout the 1920s Americans continually tested the universal image of desired behavior. The decade was shaped by wealth, parties, moonshine, and sexually expressive dancing. The changing lifestyles developed major cultural conflicts within America. Alcohol, music, immigration, racism, and flappers of the 1920s illustrate the changing lifestyles brought about by the jazz age. During the 1920s, alcohol was the greatest contributor to the lifestyle changes and cultural conflicts. These changes eventually became noticed by the governing power, and on January 16, 1920 the 18th Amendment came into effect. The 18th Amendment, known as prohibition, was the forbidding by law of manufacture, transport, and sale of alcohol. Along with 18th Amendment, congress passed the Volstead Act to enforce the new prohibition on alcohol. The mob and gangsters took advantage of the opportunity and began smuggling and bootlegging liquor, and became quite profitable. Alcohol was smuggled in from Mexico and Canada, also being shipped from abroad to the U.S. from Europe and the Caribbean. Canada was exporting roughly a million gallons of alcohol to the United States a year. Bootleggers made their own drinks with wood, alcohol and medical supplies, sometimes causing blindness, paralysis, or death. In The Great Gatsby, and in the 1920s, bootlegging was sociably acceptable. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel, Nick comments on Gatsbys house after his huge party, telling him that his house party glowed immensely like the â€Å"worlds fair† (Fitzgerald 86). All of Gatsbys guests knew he was involved with organized crime, but yet seemed to attend all of his parties without hesitation. Because of the Prohibition law, Gangsters developed secret drinking establishments, Speakeasies; which provided an entertaining atmosphere, jazz music, food, and alcohol. The illegal bars were called speakeasies because you had to speak the password to enter. With the flood of liquor expanding, the government created the Prohibition Bureau, which always fell short of men and money. The mob, due to the amount of money they were making, were able to expand their influence on bribe public officials; many judges, law makers, police, and Prohibition Bureau members were on various crime organizations payrolls. Alphonse â€Å"Scarface† Capone was one of the famous bribers of the Jazz Age. Capone essentially owned Chicago, and in 1927 he made around $60 million by bootlegging. In the End, â€Å"The idea behind Prohibition was to reduce crime and poverty, and generally improve the quality of life in America—by making it impossible for people to get their hands on alcohol. But this so called ‘Nobel Experiment was a colossal failure† (Speakeasies, Flappers Red Hot Jazz: Music of the Prohibition). Lasting roughly thirteen years, Prohibition ended with the ratification of the 21st Amendment, on December 5, 1933, legalizing alcohol. In addition to alcohol parents, teachers, and pastors blamed the lifestyle changes on the musical changes of the Jazz age. The Harlem Renaissance was a movement where black authors, musicians, and artists show cased the talent that African Americans had to offer, marked the beginning of the musical changes. It was F. Scott Fitzgerald who called the 1920s the â€Å"Jazz Age†, but it was the African Americans who gave the era its jazz. Jazz is a musical form, native to the United States, creatively mixing different forms of music, including African American blues and rag time, and European-based popular music. As slaves African Americans learned few European cultural traditions. Becoming popular in the late 1920s, jazz was very â€Å"addictive† to people because of its unusual beat and rhythm. In The Great Gatsby, when Nick, Daisy, and Tom are walking to their car, Daisy is drawn back inside by the music, tuning all other surrounding sounds out (Fitzgerald 115). Jazz was so distinct it didnt just spread among the U.S., but around the world. Some of Jazzs most famous artists within the 1920s were Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, and Louis Armstrong. Jazz along with the beat and rhythm developed new dance styles, such as the Charleston, becoming so popular that it still symbols the Jazz Age. Along with Jazz, other musical forms and changes emerged, such as Blues, Hillbilly, and boogie woogie music. Of the 1920s, Bessie Smith was the best and most influential classic blues singer. Hillbilly music, also known as country music, was best represented by musician Jimmie Rodgers. Pianist Cow Cow Davenport developed the trademark tune â€Å"cow cow blues†, giving life to boogie woogie piano style. The Roaring twenties, known as the Jazz age because of Jazzs unusual beat and rhythm, became the most popular music of the era. The invention of the radio â€Å"drew the nation together by bringing news, entertainment, and advertisements to more than 10 million households by 1929† (The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture). The newly invented radio contributed to the flourishing of jazz, and gained widespread appeal during the decade, even among the whites. Another Contributor to the lifestyle changes in the 1920s was immigration. 4,107,209 immigrants immigrated into the United States from 1921 to 1930. Immigrants brought along their lifestyles and culture; thus forming a culture clash. This is exampled in The Great Gatsby when those from the Midwest Nick Carraway were fair, honest, and straight forward, while those living in the East for sometime Tom and Daisy Buchanan were unfair, corrupt, and materialistic. Many immigrated to America hoping for the American Dream, social advancement, freedom, and endless opportunities. Main issue with immigration was the competition for jobs. In 1921 a quota system for immigrants was developed by congress. A quota system is an arrangement that limited the number of immigrants who could enter the U.S. from specific countries. In 1924 the National Origins Act, states that the number of immigrants of a given nationality each year could not exceed 2% of the number of people of that nationality living in the United States in 1890. By the middle of the 1920s one out of every four people was an immigrant. The Quota Law of 1924 and 1929 act limited the number of immigrants to 150,000 to be distributed among people of various nationalities in proportion to the umber of their compatriots already in the United States in 1920. Many Americans viewed these immigrants as a threat to American religious and social values, as well as economic opportunities. Due to the number of immigrants, racism peeked during the 1920s. The Ku Klux Klan, a hate group, reached nearly 4-5 million members in the 1920s, spreading throughout the U.S. The KKK aimed at killing non-whites and other religious groups, harassed and promoted hatred towards African Americans, but also aimed at the new America forming within the cities. They targeted Jews, Catholics, and immigrants. One center of Klan strength was Indiana, where leader David Stephenson was strict and controlled few politicians. In the darkness of night the KKK burned crosses, boycotted business owned by Jewish, Catholics, and Africans, terrorizing the citizens. The Klan wore masks to conceal their identities, waved flags and preached hate. Famous leaders of the Klan during this era include Grand Dragon and Imperial Wizard. Behind the hard, hateful exterior, were just Americans fearful of change. Flappers, directly illustrate the changing lifestyles and cultural battles within the Jazz Age. Many of the young unmarried women of the twenties rebelled against the conventional patterns of behavior and became known as flappers. Flappers often cut their hair short, wore it in a bob, and wore short straight dresses that would flap around when they would dance. Flappers flaunted their independence from parents by going away to college or moving to the city. They also abandoned social taboos that said women shouldnt drink, smoke or become sexually active. Daisy and Myrtle from The Great Gatsby embody the flapper image by drinking and their party lifestyles. Both of them also cheated on their husbands, having love for more than one man. Flappers were known to hang out in speakeasies and night clubs where they danced with bear arms and legs flying. Flappers flaunted their sexuality; this marked the 1920s individuality of the modern woman. The 1920s was a decade of deep cultural conflict (The 1920s An Overview). The cultural conflicts of the twenties were between a more metropolitan culture, and a more traditional culture. Americans were no longer interested in politics, but entertainment. Because the 1920s produced a breed of artists, musicians, and writers, who were among the most ingenious and clever in American history, the 1920s developed into one of the most crucial periods in the countries cultural history (The Formation of Modern American Mass Culture). Author F. Scott Fitzgerald called the 1920s the Jazz Age and the decade was truly was Jazzs golden age. â€Å"The stock market crash of 1929 signaled the end of the party. The roaring 20s came to a close in economic chaos and the lighthearted atmosphere of the Prohibition era fizzled out with the end of the decade† (Roaring Twenties). The changing lifestyles brought about by the 1920s Jazz Age was embodied by alcohol, music, immigration, racism, and fla ppers.

Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training

Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training CHAPTER – IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data to study the effectiveness of assertiveness training programme on the level of self esteem among adolescents at selected school. The result findings have been tabulated and interpreted according to plan for data analysis. The data collected from 60 samples were grouped and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results are presented under the following. ORGANIZATION OF DATA Section A: Distribution of demographic variables of adolescents Section B: Distribution of subjects according to level of self esteem among adolescents  before and after training programme. Section C: Comparison of effectiveness of assertive training programme on the level of  Self esteem among adolescents in experimental group and wait listed control  group. Section D: Association between the level of self esteem among adolescents with selected  demographic variables. SECTION A Table No 1: Distribution of subjects according to their demographic variables (N=60) S.No Demographic variables Experimental group Wait listed Control group Frequency % Frequency % 1. Age a .11-13 yrs b. 13-15yrs c. 15-17yrs 12 17 1 40 56.7 3.3 10 19 1 33.3 63.3 3.3 2. Sex a. Male b. Female 10 20 33.3 66.7 14 16 46.7 53.3 3. Religion a. Hindu b. Christian c. Muslim 19 8 3 63.3 26.7 10 15 8 7 50 26.7 23.3 4. Residency a. Urban b. Rural 19 11 63.3 36.7 20 10 66.7 33.3 5. Type of family a. Nuclear b. Joint 23 7 76.7 23.3 20 10 66.7 33.3 6. Father’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate 3 8 9 10 10 26.7 30 33.3 4 10 8 8 13.3 33.3 26.7 26.7 7. Mother’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate 6 9 9 6 20 30 30 20 9 10 6 5 30 33.3 20 16.7 8. Father’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. coolie 5 7 15 3 16.7 23.3 50 10 3 10 14 3 10 33.3 46.7 10 9. Mother’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. Housewife 3 10 1 16 10 33.3 3.3 53.3 3 15 1 11 10 50 3.3 36.7 10. Annual Income a. 50000-100000 b. 100000-200000 c. 200000 above 6 13 11 20 43.3 36.7 8 15 7 26.7 50 23.3 Table 1 : Shows that frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of experimental and wait listed control group with respect to age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation, mother’s education, mother’s occupation and annual income. Regarding Age, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 17 (56.7 %) in Wait listed Control Group 19 (63.3%) were in the age group of 13-15 years. Regarding Sex, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 20 (66.7 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 16 (53.3%) were females. Regarding Religion, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 19 (63.3 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 15 (50%) were Hindus. Regarding Residency, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 19 (63.3%) in Wait Listed Control Group 18 (60%) were from urban area. Regarding Type of Family, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 23 (76.7 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 20 (66.7%) were from nuclear family. Regarding Father’s Education, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 10 (33.3 %) were graduates in Wait Listed Control Group 10 (33.3%) were Primary  education level. Regarding Mother’s Education, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 9 (30 %) were Higher Secondary level in Wait Listed Control Group 10 (33.3%) were Primary education level. Regarding Father’s Occupation, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 15 (50 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 14(46.7%) were business men. Regarding Mother’s Occupation, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 16 (53.3 %) were housewives in Wait Listed Control Group 15(50%) were working in private sector. Regarding Annual Income of the family, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 13 (43.3 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 15 (50%) were ranged from Rs.100000-200000. FIG:3 –Distribution of subjects according to their age in both experimental  and wait listed control group FIG:4 – Distribution of subjects according to their Sex in both experimental and wait listed control group FIG:5 – Distribution of subjects according to their Religion among experimental and wait listed control group FIG:6 –Distribution of subjects in Residency among experimental and wait  listed control group FIG:7 –Distribution of subjects in type of family among experimental and  wait listed control group FIG:8 –Distribution of subjects in father’s education among experimental  and wait listed control group FIG:9 –Distribution of subjects in mother’s education among experimental  and wait listed control group FIG:10 –Distribution of subjects in father’s occupation among experimental and wait  listed control group FIG:11 –Distribution of subjects in mother’s occupation among experimental  and wait listed control group FIG:12 –Distribution of subjects in annual income of the family among experimental  and wait listed control group SECTION B Table 2: Distribution of subjects according to their level of self esteem before and after Assertiveness training among adolescents. (N=60) S.No Level of self esteem Group Range of score Mean SD High SE Low SE 60-80 80-100 20-40 40-60 1. Before assertiveness training Experimental group 52.06 7.6 Wait listed control group 53.96 3.9 2. After assertiveness training Experimental group (post1) 79.8 5.7 Experimental group (post 2) 74.83 9.03 Wait listed Control group 55.13 3.86 Table 2 shows that distribution of subjects according to the level of self esteem before and after assertiveness training among adolescents. In that, mean value of level of self esteem before assertiveness training in experimental group was 52.06 in control group it was 53.96 and also the mean value of level of self esteem after assertiveness training in experimental group post test 1 and post test 2 was 79.8 74.83 , and in control group it was 55.13 FIG 15: Distribution of subjects according to their level of self esteem before and after assertiveness training among adolescents. SECTION C Table 3 : Comparison of mean pre test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group and Wait Listed Control Group. (N=60) S.NO Level of self esteem Group Mean SD ‘t’ value 1. Pre test Experimental group 52.06 7.6 1.213 (NS) Wait listed Control group 53.96 3.9 NS –Not significant Table 3 describes that obtained independent ‘t’ value for the mean difference in pre test level of self esteem between experimental and control group is 1.213 and it is not statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is no significant difference exist between level of self esteem among experimental and control group and also shows that both the groups were homogenous before giving assertiveness training. FIG:16- Comparison of mean pre test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group and Wait Listed Control Group Table 4 : Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group and Control Group.(N=60) S.NO Level of self esteem Group Mean SD ‘t’ value 1. Post test 1 Experimental group 79.8 5.68 19.640** Wait listed Control group 55.13 3.86 2. Post test 2 Experimental group 74.83 9.03 10.982** Wait listed Control group 55.13 3.86 ** Significant at .001 level Table 4 describes that obtained independent ‘t’ value for the mean difference in post test 1 and post test 2 level of self esteem between experimental and control group is 19.640 10.982 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant difference exist between post test 1 and post test 2 level of self esteem among experimental and control group after receiving assertiveness training. FIG:17 Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in both groups Table 5 : Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group (N=30) S.NO Group Test Mean SD ‘t’ value 1. Experimental group Pre test Post test 1 52.06 79.8 7.6 5.68 16.181** Pre test Post test 2 52.06 74.83 7.6 9.03 10.694** ** Significant at 0.001 level Table 5 depicts that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in Pre, Post test1 Post test 2 level of self esteem in Experimental group is 16.181 10.694 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant difference exist between pre and post test level of self esteem among Experimental group after receiving assertiveness training. FIG:18 Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group Table 6 : Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Wait listed Control Group. (N=30) S.NO Group Test Mean SD ‘t’ value 1. Wait listed Control group Pre test Post test 53.96 55.13 3.9 3.86 1.125 (NS) Table 6 depicts that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in Pre and Post test level of self esteem in Control group is 1.125 and it is not statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is no significant difference exist between pre and post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Wait Listed Control group. FIG:19- Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Wait Listed Control Group Table 7 : Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time among adolescents in Experimental Group (N=30) S.NO Group Test MEAN SD T value P value 1. Experimental Group Post Test1 Post Test2 79.8 74.83 5.6 9.03 2.43 0.021* ** Significant at .01 level Table 7 revealed that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time (immediate, one month after) among adolescents in Experimental Group is 2.43 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant improvement in level of self esteem among adolescents in different period of time ( immediate, one month after) in experimental group. FIG: 20 Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time among adolescents in Experimental Group SECTION D: Table no: 8- Association between post-test level of self esteem among adolescents with demographic variables in Experimental Group Wait listed control group (N=60) S.NO Demographic variables Experimental group Wait listed control group Frequency P value Frequency P value 1. Age a .11-13 yrs b. 13-15yrs c. 15-17yrs 12 17 1 0.263 (NS) 10 19 1 0.668 (NS) 2. Sex a. Male b. Female 10 20 0.595 (NS) 14 16 0.314 (NS) 3. Religion a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian 19 8 3 0.395 (NS) 15 8 7 0.064 (NS) 4. Residency a. Urban b. Rural 19 11 0.172 (NS) 20 10 0.514 (NS) 5. Type of family a. Nuclear b. Joint 23 7 0.260 (NS) 20 10 0.374 (NS) 6. Father’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate 3 8 9 10 0.388 (NS) 4 10 8 8 0.17 (NS) 7. Mother’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate 6 9 9 6 0.512 (NS) 9 10 6 5 0.632 (NS) 8. Father’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. coolie 5 7 15 3 0.406 (NS) 3 10 14 3 0.415 (NS) 9. Mother’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. Housewife 3 10 1 16 0.12 (NS) 3 15 1 11 0.334 (NS) 10. Annual Income a. 50000-100000 b. 100000-200000 c. 200000 above 6 13 11 0.075 (NS) 8 15 7 0.527 (NS) * Significant at 0.01 level NS – Not significant Table 8 reveals that the calculated chi square test value for level of self esteem with demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation and annual income in experimental group. It also shows that there is no significant association exist between the level of self esteem with demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation, annual income and academic performance in wait listed control group.