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Can suicide still be explained by classic sociological theory on this subject - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2584 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Sociology Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Consider recent instances of webcam suicide and other cases in which modern digital technology is involved. By the 1850s, suicide was a growing social problem in Europe. Many people felt that it was related to the huge industrial changes taking place at that time. For Emile Durkheim, studying this phenomenon à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which is generally seen to be one of the most private and personal acts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" provided the perfect opportunity to show the power of the new science of sociology (Ritzer, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Can suicide still be explained by classic sociological theory on this subject?" essay for you Create order Durkheim developed a theory around four types of suicide which will be outlined below. The affect that Durkheims book Le Suicide (1897) has had on the suicide research that came after it will be discussed, including issues with empirical evidence to back up his claims around his four types of suicide and their causes. The need for methodological developments from those used by Durkheim is addressed in order for sociological research on suicide to stay relevant. Finally, the introduction of new dimensions to the issue of suicide with the growth of the internet is discussed. Emile Durkheim was not the first to study suicide rates in the nineteenth century. However, his contribution to the study of suicide in sociology is without doubt the most influential. Quetelet and Morselli, two moral statisticians who attempted to inductively analyse a large body of suicide statistics, were enthralled by the stability of yearly suicide rates, as well as the overall rise in the rates in the modern era (Quetelet and Morselli, in Wray et al, 2011). Masaryk (in Wray et al, 2011) actually proceeded Durkheim in looking to explain the rise in rates by the forces of modernisation. Tarde disputed these statisticians theories by postulating that imitation behaviour could account for geographical and temporal clustering of suicide behaviour (Tarde, in Wray et al, 2011). Durkheim, who outright rejected Tardes imitation theory and went to great lengths to discredit it (Ritzer, 2008), wanted to approach the view that modernisation was the root cause of the suicide rate increase i n a more analytical way than his contemporaries (Wray et al, 2011). To this end, he formulated a social theory of suicide in which the causes of suicide lie within a framework of society rather than at an individuals psychological state (Morrison, 1995). What Durkheim was interested in was suicide rates rather than individual causes, in order to explain why one group had a higher rate than another (Ritzer, 2008). Durkheims theory on suicide is based on the two continua of social integration and social regulation, at the ends of which are four independent theories of suicide (Breault, 2001). These four theories are egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. For Durkheim, egoistic suicide occurs in societies or groups where the individual has a low level of integration into the larger social unit, making them feel as if they are not part of society and likewise, society is not part of them (Ritzer, 2008: 91). According to Durkheim, society is where the best parts of being human come from; our morality, values and sense of purpose. Without these, as well as the general moral support that gets us through our daily troubles, individuals are liable to commit suicide at the smallest frustration (Ritzer, 2008: 91). The main protectors against egoistic suicide are, according to Durkheim, membership in well integrated religious groups (for example the Roman Catholic Church), well integrated f amily units and political or national units. Altruistic suicide, on the other hand, results when social integration in a society or group is too strong, for example amongst the military or mass suicides following the death of a leader (Davies and Neal, 2000: 38). Suicide in the group is for the greater good or because those who commit suicide this way believe it is their duty to do so (Ritzer, 2008). The other continuum on which Durkheim bases his theory is that of social regulation. Too little social regulation, results in what he calls anomic suicide (Tomasi, 2000: 16). The term anomie can be defined, in simple terms, as the decline in the regulatory powers of society due to the process of industrialisation (Morrison, 1995). It is likely that individuals will be left feeling dissatisfied and frustrated with life as there is little control over their social wants and needs due to these disruptions. Morrison explains how Durkheim believed that this frustration can only happen when: individuals constantly aspire to reach ends or goals that are beyond their capacity to obtain. It is important to keep in mind that motives leading individuals to strive for goals which they cannot realistically obtain are due to the failure of the powers of society to set limits and regulate social wants (1995: 184). The effect on the suicide rate is to be seen in both times of positive disruption (economic boom) and negative disruption (economic depression). These changes put people in new situations in which the old norms no longer apply but new ones have yet to develop (Ritzer, 2008: 93). One the other end of this continuum is what Durkheim calls fatalistic suicide (Ritzer, 2008: 94). This is the least developed of his theories and in fact, was only discussed as a footnote in his book Le Suicide (1897). Fatalistic suicide is as a result of too much regulation within a society or group. The example that Durkheim cites in support of this is the suicide of slaves who, he argues, take their own lives due to the hopelessness caused by the oppressive regulation over their lives (Ritzer, 2008). These theories on suicide have influenced many pieces of research on suicide to the present day, but are they still relevant to modern society and the study of suicide? Breault argues, in a critical survey of the empirical literature on Le Suicide, that the hypothesis with the most empirical research to date is that of egoistic suicide. He believes that, although the other theories may seem plausible, it is impossible to say whether Durkheim was right or not in the absence of empirical research on altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide (Breault, 2001). According to Breault (2001), there is a wealth of evidence and empirical research in support of egoistic suicide. However, the issue as he sees it, is whether this research is meaningful. In the research which he cites in his analysis, investigators have controlled for variables such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, demographic variables, economic variables and socioeconomic variables, but not one single psychological variable. However, he believes that Durkheims argument against psychological explanations would be considered primitive in the present day in light of considerable research showing that affective disorders, schizophrenia, substance abuse, to name but a few, are consistently related to suicide (Breault,2001). So Breault (2001) questions, what would be the relationship between social integration and suicide controlling for depression? The fundamental issue is that Durkheim omitted psychological factors in part as he believed that there were no psychological regularities in su icide as consistent psychological correlates had yet to be identified in his day. In light of this, Breault notes: Today, Durkheim would not be satisfied with our failure to control for empirically supported psychological variables. Even though he advocated a sharp division between sociology and psychology, his methodological approach would have precluded the exclusion of psychological explanations if such explanations had been empirically demonstrated (2001: 61). Wray et al (2011) suggest that in order for sociology to stay relevant in the area of suicide research, which is evolving as a multi-disciplinary investigation of suicide as a social problem, three avenues need to be pursued simultaneously. Firstly, they believe there is a need to reconsider the micro-macro dilemma, both theoretically and methodologically. This should include a consideration of how to assemble a data set complex enough to provide rigorous empirical research on suicide (Wray et al, 2011). Second, Wray et al (2011) suggest, there is a need to incorporate the insights from other disciplines into the multiple factors which affect suicide in individuals and society. Finally, sociologists need to move forward with real-life efforts to reduce suicide through demonstrating and evaluation the usefulness of the robust research in this area Wray et al (2011). The importance of the inclusion of individual level data in studies of suicide, and not just the suicide rates or aggregate data, as well as the need to incorporate findings from other disciplines, can be demonstrated through the discussion of suicide involving the internet and other digital media. Although Shah (2010) found that the prevalence of internet users was correlated with general population suicide rates, he cautioned against causal relationship attribution due to the ecological study design. In other words, the use of aggregate data rather than individual data when looking for a causal relationship between internet use and suicide (Shah, 2010). Other studies have taken an individual level approach to investigate the association between internet use and suicide. Indeed, Messias et al (2011) analysed a nationally representative survey from the US (Youth Risk Behaviour Survey) and found that teens who reported five hours or more of video games/internet use daily had a signifi cantly higher risk for sadness, suicidal ideation and suicide planning. Furthermore, a study of Taiwan teens aged 12-18 found that web communication is a risk factor in self-injurious thoughts and behaviour in boys but not in girls (Tseng and Yang, 2015). They also found that family support is a protective factor in both genders (Tseng and Yang, 2015). Although these findings do not in any way negate Durkheims theories on suicide à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and in fact may actually support his claim that egoistic suicide is caused by social isolation these findings would not have been possible using the methods employed by Durkheim. In essence, just looking at suicide rates, without consideration for individual level data. The digital age has introduced a new dimension to the study of suicide. Never before have people had access to the range of suicide information as they do now. As Mishara and Weisstub (2007) explain, there are numerous reports of suicides allegedly related to the internet. Examples include the son of a Danish journalist who was encouraged to end his life on a website which gave him information that he used to kill himself (Weisstub, 2007). Moreover, reports of young people who have resorted to suicide after a barrage of cyberbullying and online abuse, and a number of suicides which have taken place live on web cam while others watched, some of whom reportedly egged them on. Furthermore, there is the issue of internet suicide pacts, which are a rising concern in Japan and South Korea. Traditionally, suicide pacts were made between people who knew each other. However, in the internet age, these pacts are formed between complete strangers who meet online (Luxton et al, 2012). The issue at the core of this piece is to assess whether classical sociological theory can explain these newly developing phenomenon? If the person is committing suicide as they no longer feel part of society and society is no longer part of them, then why broadcast it live over the internet for an audience to watch? Is this egoistic suicide or is it a new type of suicide unlike those described by Durkheim? One area that Durkheim outright rejected in his theories on suicide was that of imitation (Thorlindsson and Bjarnason, 1998). However, there are strong arguments against this omission as Abrutyn and Mueller (2014) found that suicides, like other social behaviours, can in fact spread through social relationships. They found that social ties can be conduits of social support in the positive sense, but also anti-social behaviours such as suicide as well. Luxton et al (2012) address this issue of imitation or contagion through the media. These scholars explain how the medias influence on suicidal behaviour, especially in relation to method used, has been well documented: A recent study by Dunlop et al. specifically examined possible contagion effects on suicidal behavior via the Internet and social media. Of 719 individuals aged 14 to 24 years, 79% reported being exposed to suicide-related content through family, friends, and traditional news media such as newspapers, and 59% found such content through Internet sources. Additional analysis revealed no link between social networking sites (e.g., Facebook) and suicidal ideation, but it did find a connection between suicidal ideation and suicide-related content found on online forums (Luxton 2012: Para 12). Indeed, Luxton et al (2012) go on to discuss how social media platforms, for example, chat rooms and discussion forums, may also influence decisions to die by suicide for some vulnerable groups. They argue that these online interactions may foster peer pressure to die by suicide, encourage their user to idolise those who have already completed their suicide or facilitate the making of suicide pacts (Luxton et al, 2012). In the end, these interactions may reduce any doubts or fears of people who are undecided about suicide and thus, act as another social force contributing to the causes of suicide in modern times. Society is very different today from that at the time of Durkheims seminal book Le Suicide (1897). However, suicide is still considered a serious social problem, just as it was in the 1850s. Durkheim believed that suicide could be explained by looking at societal factors and their effect on the suicide rates of particular groups. Yet, this essay has shown that suicide cannot be understood simply as Durkheim theorised it. Although his theory of egoistic suicide has for the most part been supported by empirical research, for sociological research to advance in this area, a methodological and theoretical rethink on the study of suicide is necessary. For example, the inclusion of psychological variables, individual level studies and the relationship between the internet and suicide. Bibliography Abrutyn, S. and Mueller, A. S. (2014) Are Suicidal Behaviours Contagious in Adolescents?: Using longitudinal data to examine suicide suggestion. American Sociological Review 79(2) pp. 211-227. Breault, K. D. (2001) Was Durkheim Right?: A critical survey of the empirical literature on Le Suicide in Pickering, W.S.F and Walford G. (Eds.) Emile Durkheim: Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists. Third Series, Volume IV. London: Routledge. Davies, C. and Neal, M. (2000) Durkheims Altruistic and Fatalistic Suicide in Pickering, W.S.F and Walford G. (Eds.) Emile Durkheim: Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists. Third Series, Volume IV. London: Routledge. Durkheim, E (1897) Le Suicide: ÃÆ' ©tude de sociologie. Paris: Alcan. Luxton, D. D., June, J. D. and Fairall, J. M. (2012) Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective. American Journal of Public Health 102(Supplement 2). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3477910/ [accessed 30/08/2015]. Messias, E., Castro, J., Saini, A., Usman, M and Peeples, D. (2011) Sadness, Suicide, and Their Association with Video Games and Internet Overuse among Teens: Results from the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey 2007-2009. Suicide and Life Threthening Behaviour 41(3) pp. 307-315. Mishara, B. L. and Weisstub, D. N (2007) Ethical, Legal and Practical Issues in the Control and Regulation of Suicide Promotion and Assistance over the Internet. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour 37(1) pp. 58-64. Morrison, K. (1995) Marx, Durkheim, Weber: Formations of Modern Thought. London: Sage Publications. Ritzer, G. (2008) Sociological Theory (7th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shah, A. (2010) The Relationship between general Population Suicide Rates and the Internet: A Cross-National Study. Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviour 40(2) pp. 146-150. Thorlindsson, T. and Bjarnason, T. (1998) Modelling Durkheim on the Micro Level: A study of Youth Suicidality. American Sociological Review 63(1) pp. 94-110. Tomasi, L. (2000) Emile Durkheims Contribution to the Sociological Explanation of Suicide in Pickering, W.S.F and Walford G. (Eds.) Emile Durkheim: Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists. Third Series, Volume IV. London: Routledge. Tseng, F. and Yang, H. (2015) Internet Use and Web Communication Networks, Sources of Social Support, and Forms of Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among Adolescents: Different Patterns between Genders. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour 45(2) pp. 178-191. Wray, M., Collen, C. and Pescosolido, B. (2011) The Sociology of Suicide. The Annual Review of Sociology 37 pp. 505-528.

The Apartheid Of South Africa - 1440 Words

The 1981 Springbok tour, and more significantly the public disturbances that arose because of it, is one of the most impactful events on New Zealand, and even South African society. The controversial idea of having sporting interactions with apartheid ruled South Africa was not new to New Zealand politics, yet with Prime Minister Robert Muldoon in charge, the situation was escalated to astonishing heights. The violence all around New Zealand, between police, protesters and anti-protestors was immense. The impact that the 1981 â€Å"riots† had on New Zealand was not limited to the obvious sting of having such violence in the country, but spread to affect politics, economics, police reform, courts and more. An obvious cause of the public disturbances around the Springbok Tour was the apartheid policies of South Africa. This is a very core reason of why many were outraged by the idea of having a South African sports team touring the country. 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Controlling Organized Crime Paper - 1163 Words

Controlling Organized Crime Paper CJA/ 384 August 19, 2013 Controlling Organized Crime Paper Organized crime is an issue that has existed for many years and continues to be on the rise especially with the technology that we have today. Well – known criminal organizations include; Italian Mafia, Russian Mobsters, Nuestra Familia, Mexican Mafia, The Hell’s Angels, The Bandidos, John Gotti, Al Capone, and so much more. One of the most famous criminal organizations are the Gambino Family in which John Gotti was said to be the â€Å"Godfather† of the family and was the most powerful criminal in America. That being said, this is just one group can you imagine how many others who operate in our neighborhoods and worldwide? These groups†¦show more content†¦More and more, they are literally becoming partners in crime, realizing they have more to gain from cooperating than competing.† Many problems are caused by organized crime every day. Criminal organizations are really sophisticated and manipulative. They are constantly examined by law enforcement officials which forces them to be furtive, secretive, and cautious. One major problem that we have is the victims that are or have been a target for the organized crime activities. Crimes include; drug trafficking, gambling, prostitution, and more. Crimes such as these involve individuals who are buyers and seller who are labeled as a willing participant. Communities that are faced with this problem are labeled as the victim because of how organized criminals make their money. The community takes a hit especially when crimes involve, violence, swindling, or thievery. According to Lyman amp; Potter (2007), â€Å"Clearly, criminal associates are often victimized by organized crime members, but law-abiding citizens are also victimized in a number of ways. First, citizens are sometimes the direct victims of organi zed crime enterprises (violence, extortion, intimidation, etc.). Second, billions of dollars of tax revenue from organized crime go uncollected (estimated at $37 billion in lost taxes every year), resulting in higher tax rates for law-abiding citizens. Third, expenses related to law enforcement, criminal prosecution, and imprisonment ofShow MoreRelatedControlling Organized Crime Paper1206 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Controlling Organized Crime Tina Martin-Fleming CJA/384 February 19, 2015 Charles Davis Organized crime groups have been around since the 1900’s. The mafia who came from Italy and other countries to the United States started their business and became a nuisance over a period. The mob became a problem for society with their illegal activities such as gambling, racketeering and prostitution that includes other violent behaviors. The mafia was famous for manipulating individuals with theirRead MoreControlling Organized Crime1200 Words   |  5 PagesControlling Organize Crime Paper Louis Pierre CJA/384 May 6, 2013 University of phoenix Professor: Glen Winters Controlling Organize Crime Paper Organize crime is a conspiratorial activity involving the coordination of numerous people in the planning and execution of illegal acts or in the pursuit of a legitimate objective by unlawful means, for example, threatening a legitimate business to get stake in it. However, organize crime involves continuous commitment by primary members, althoughRead MoreImproving Law Enforcements Approach to Combating Organized Crime1302 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Organized crime involves a group of people made up of several ethnicities and international unions, who coordinate as well as work in unison, apart, or in line with legal enterprises alongside political realms. Many analysts have concurred that organized crime is both an impediment to academic projects and a realistic social issue that obligates urgent solution. Strategies implemented to limit organized crime often tend to be inclined towards one form of the two approaches. One of theRead MoreControlling Organized Crime1363 Words   |  6 PagesControlling Organized Crime CJA384 Controlling Organized Crime Since the 1990’s, organized crime has become a problem among U.S. citizens. The Mafia was the earliest group to show its strengths of power and manipulation among citizens and business of New York City. From the time of the Mafia’s rise, other criminal organizations have surfaced using their power to corrupt personal within business for the gain of finance and political strength. In today society, one of the main question whenRead MoreEssay on Controlling Organized Crime1564 Words   |  7 PagesControlling Organized Crime CJA/393 Criminal Organizations June 1, 2010 Controlling Organized Crime In this paper, I will identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crime. I will also describe the legal limitations associated with combating organized crime, and include a critique of major federal laws and strategies that support this effort. Lastly, I will suggest a solution to control organized crime by discussing and evaluating the effectivenessRead MoreGlobal Crime Analysis1134 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Crimes Analysis University of Phoenix Cynthia Butler CJA/394 April 16, 2012 This paper will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that affect national and international criminal justice systems and processes. 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The Effects Of Climate Change On The Alaskan Environment...

Every country in the world has been affected by climate change. Climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system that persists for several decades or longer (Montgomery, 2015). Climate change (or global warming) can be caused by a natural progress such as sun s radiations and volcanoes, or it can be caused by human s actions such as land use, deforestation, and pollution. (Hardy, 2003).This phenomenon not only affects the environment, but it also affects human lives. Alaska is the largest state in the United States. It includes lands on both sides of the Arctic Circle. Sixteen national wildlife refuges are home to a great variety of flora and fauna. In the past 60 years. The Alaska s environment changed drastically; the climate is warming up as twice as much in comparison to all the other states. This essay will discuss firstly the climate change in the Alaskan environment. Then it will highlight the changes in the ocean and costs, the effects that global warming is having on Alaska s natives and the melting permafro st. It will then finally address who is responsible for this effects and some measures that can be taken. The first effect that global warming is having on Alaska regards coasts and oceans. In the northern summer, the sea ice is decreasing faster than previously recorded and it is foreseen to melt before mid-century (Chapin, F.S 2014). Solid ice is disappearing as there are no longer massive icebergs during fall and winter,Show MoreRelatedClimate Change And The United States1574 Words   |  7 Pagesreport will analyze climate change and the initiative that the United States is taking in the Arctic. If ignored, climate change poses serious problems for the world’s population in the near future. The increasing amount of media regarding the severity of climate change has pushed researchers for answers. The report will explore the causes of climate change, how climate change is affecting the ecology, economy and people in the Alaskan Arctic, and possible solutions to the climate changing. 1.2 BackgroundRead MoreThe Carbon Of Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment1209 Words   |  5 Pagesextent of Arctic carbon cycling impacts to the Arctic atmosphere and the local Alaskan ecology. The data results of this mission will help both NASA and global scientists better understand how the estimated rate of greenhouse gas emissions affect the rise in temperature and potential impact of Earth’s future climate near and long-term. The CARVE mission goals intend to answer important questions about Earth climate change. Ultimately, CARVE will provide an integrated set of data that will provide unprecedentedRead More Drilling Alaska: America Needs to Adopt Conservation Practices!1645 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol activities to ensure that activities â€Å"will result in no significant adverse effects on the fish, and wildlife, their habitat, subsistence resources and the environment.† I wonder if regulation can effectively prevent such damage? Can the most high-tech, compact, thoroughly monitored development still pose an unacceptable risk to the wilderness? In a situation such as this where the natural environment is at a serious risk and the public and decision makers are in a dispute, we must allRead MoreGlobal Environmental Change In Glaciers : The Impact Of The Global Climate Change876 Words   |  4 Pagesevaluated invertebrates from several regions affected by shrinking glaciers with the goal to determine the impact of the global environmental change in related ecosystems. Glaciers and Inhabitants Earth is now facing a big thaw as the world continues to warm up. Glaciers in various cold regions are melting due to the rise of global temperature, a result of climate change caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. One of many locations dominated by glaciers is the Glacier NationalRead MoreAlaska s Coal Clean Coal2249 Words   |  9 Pagesimpacts on the environment, wildlife, and Alaskans. Altogether coal is one of the most dangerous sources of energy to the well being of the environment. According to Tim Appenzeller in â€Å"High Cost of Cheap Coal: The Coal Paradox,† â€Å"of all fossil fuels, coal puts out the most carbon dioxide per unit of energy, so burning it poses a further threat to global climate, already warming alarmingly† (1). Mining enough coal to supply the world, would really take a toll on Alaska’s climate because of its vastRead MoreWidespread Biomes: Tundra 856 Words   |  3 Pagesregarding the subject of climate change. 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In our present day, the vast majority of climate scientists agrees that the worldRead MoreThe Subject And Objectives Of Operation Caream1873 Words   |  8 Pagescomposed of Carbon in the Arctic, a little like DSICOVER-AQ. A peculiar effect of aerosols in the Arctic is that they actually help decrease the warming of the Arctic, which heats twice as fast as the rest of the world’s locations. These aerosols, made from carbon, will scatter sunlight and h elp in the creation of clouds, which would block the sunlight (McSweeny, 2015). Operation CAREAM was designed to help investigate this effect on the Arctic and help scientists better understand. In previous yearsRead MoreA Research Study On The Snowshoe Hare1492 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent types of climate. 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The Treatment Of Breast Cancer - 1134 Words

Breast cancer affects so many women around the world. Even with the technology and medicine we have today to treat this deadly disease, the pain a patient experiences with breast cancer is still relentless. Pain comes from either progression of the disease or a side effect from treatment. In this article they talk about the role of the WHO’s three step analgesic ladder and how the administration of opioids for breast cancer patients experiencing pain effect ones psychological state and their quality of life. Since many patients experience negative side effects from opioids, there becomes a need to develop therapeutic modalities. Overall, the main purpose of the article was to focus on current treatments that provide pain management for†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, many of these ways are through pain medications called non-opioid, weak opioid, and strong opioid. As the opioid gets stronger the higher the chance of intolerable side effect can occur. Side effects from different opioids are known to cause a decrease in the quality of life for a breast cancer patient. How does one choose a medication to deal with pain at different levels? The WHO’s ladder for relief of cancer pain was developed for this reason. In short, if you have minimal pain you will receive non-opioids. Once the non-opioids do not help and pain continues to increase, strong opioids will be administered. It’s a stepping ladder; each step in the progression of cancer has a certain medication to deal with that stage of pain. Because of the need for pharmacotherapy in breast cancer patients, the patient will undergo limitation. The patient can experience nausea and vomiting, gastric disturbances, renal dysfunction are common, as well as respiratory depression has been known to occur while on opioids. Patients need the pharmacotherapy to deal with pain and kill their cancer, but those opioids really affect a person’s essence of life. Luckily, there are also non-pharmacological therapies a patient can participate in. Yoga, acupuncture and musical therapy are great examples of these. In my opinion, the author didn’t have a perspective in this article. The purpose of this article was to bring attention to the

Introduction Of E Business At Burger - 5576 Words

In, 1995 First Burger Fuel opened in Auckland, within 2 years after booming trade and good response from first store second store opens in Takapuna in 1997. In 1999 Burger fuel improves the kitchen design. So this new designed kitchen successfully complete it’s year and now customer can get there food faster as compare to previous and with the entry in 2000 company successfully enter into third store. In 2006, Australia comes to know about Burger Fuel and first store opened in Sydney, Australia. Now Burger Fuels was looking to export 100% pure New Zealand Beef to Middle East. In 2014 Burger Fuel signed agreement with US Company, Franchise Brands, this company will join Burger Fuel as a shareholder and franchise advisor. Part A a. You must propose and analyses for plausibility, a range of at least three futures(which must be at least three years into the future), for the organization in term of the: A. Envisioned Future 1: Introduction of E-business at Burger Feul: In next three years Burger Fuel looking to start e-business by which customer doesn’t have to go to restaurant. They can place order online and get everything at home. It will increase the profitability of restaurant. PLUASIBILITY 1. INFLUENCE: Internal to the organization I. Skill: Skill plays an important role if any company looking to bring something in existence. If burger fuel looking to start e-business company need some skilled people like who can control the online orders like skilledShow MoreRelatedFive Guys Burger1601 Words   |  7 PagesFive Guys Burgers and fries: Ingredients for success To: Dr. Maggie Sizer Contemporary Business Due Date: 01/21/2013 Introduction The purpose of analyzing the success story of Five Guys burger is to examine the milestones covered by Five Guys to establish the successful business in private enterprise system. 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Many companies have started to recognize intangible assets with long term value in their financial statements. One of the most popular firms to do so is Burger King (Annual Report, 2013, Pg-71, Goodwill and Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization). This essay will start with the value of Burger King’s brand name value as compared to its other assetsRead MoreTropical Hut Case Study1240 Words   |  5 Pagesplace strategically located near supermarkets, it has been attracting families and friends for lunch or light snacks after grocery time. Tropical Hut is one of the oldest fast food chains in the Philippines. It is a local fast food chain that made the burger become popular. It was first established in Cubao during 1962. Filipinos love or food makes us fans of different cuisine. 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Introduction Five Guy’s was started in 1986 in the town of Arlington, VA by Jerry and Janie Murrell with their sons. â€Å"Jerry wanted to keep the boys close to home and employed, they used the money intended for their tuition to open a hamburger take-out shopRead MoreSample Resume : Business Management1219 Words   |  5 PagesTable of Content Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Introduction of Shop†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Period cost and Product cost†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Variable cost and fixed cost†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Direct Material†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Direct Labor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Overhead Cost†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Breakeven Analysis of the Business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.7 Show breakeven points graphically†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Reference List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 a. Executive summary-Read MoreAnalysis on Burger King Worldwide Inc Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis on Burger King Worldwide Inc. (BKW) Burger King (BKW) is the second largest fast food hamburger chain in the world which was founded in 1954; it operates in over 12,600 locations serving over 11 million customers daily in 83 countries and territories worldwide. About 95 percent of Burger King Restaurants are owned and operated by independent franchisees, many of them family-owned operations that have been in business for decades. This company became a publically traded company in thisRead MoreSituation Analysis for Mcdonalds1052 Words   |  5 Pages McDonald’s Chicken Burger MARKETING PLAN Hasan | Dilan | Malith | Sumeera | Buddhini | Lakna Hasan | Dilan | Malith | Sumeera | Buddhini | Lakna Executive Summary This marketing plan is made out of the Market Research done by McDonald’s Ramp;D team about McDonald’s Chicken Burger. 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Modern Management Theory of Business - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theModern Management Theory of Business Sustainability. Answer: Introduction In order to have efficient operations in an organization, the management should identify effective skills to use so as to remain competitive as well as unique business strategies as discussed in the paper. Type of Management Skills Required Business operations which are efficient need some essential management skills for the companies to remain outstanding. Success of most small business is always determined by its profit, a successful business is the one believed to make a lot of profit. Some essential management skills are needed in running businesses to ensure its operating in the right track and has all it takes for the business to be successful. (Advances in business and management, 2011) The skills include; Decision Making The managers of Sweet Republic should be in a position to evaluate performance of the company as well as the production level and then decide on what to do according to the outcome. Most small business need a quick response on any information that needs to be checked on quickly and this can only be achieved through having a well established decision making skills where decisions can be made rapidly without mistakes. In addition, any situation that needs the management attention should be acted upon so that it may not repeat over and over again therefore making the companys operations efficient. (Kuznetsov, 2014) Effective Communication Skills Small businesses should maintain an effective communication skills which in the long run ensures the companys operations are effective, efficient ant the company remains to be more competitive than the others. For instance, sweet republic should not only focus on ensuring effective communication within the company, but also ensure information is shared effectively to its customers too and individuals outside the company. In case of changes in the flavors used to make ice creams or changes in ingredients used in baking cakes, such information should be communicated within and out of the company so that the current and new customers will be aware of changes in taste. (Rohlander, 2014) Motivation Managers whom dont put an effort of motivating their employees are classified the most ineffective. Motivation is a key tool to success and efficiency in operations therefore should be from internal, that is, it should come from the employees themselves whereby they should be self motivated. Management can support this by setting goals for their employees that will make them self motivated where they will work towards achieving the set targets and goals. (Rue, Byars, Ibrahim, 2013) Business Development Skills For sweet republic company to remain competitive, it should embrace essential business development skills. The company manager should identify areas in which operations needs to be improved and determines ways on how to improve on operations to improve on company development so that the company remains the best ice cream producers and competitive bakers. This can be done through cutting some costs and streamlining company procedures. (Rohlander, 2014) Business structure and strategy The most common used business structures are; Sole Proprietorship This is the simplest form of business structure operated and owned by one person. Its the most popular type of business because its easy to start, requires small amount of cash and simple to maintain. However, the business structure also is prone to shut down easily because only one person who is the owner finances the business and incase of huge depts. He is the only one responsible for paying. (Rue, Byars, Ibrahim, 2013) Partnership This is type of business structure owned by two or more people who have signed a mutual agreement. Its also an easy business to start since cost is shared amongst the partners therefore reducing the starting capital amount to be contributed by each partner. The disadvantage part of this business is bearing of consequences brought about by other partners. (Rue, Byars, Ibrahim, 2013) Corporation This is a business structure made up of a body of legal persons intended to carry on different type of businesses, the business is managed by selected directors and made up of various shareholders. The corporation body protects its owners from personal liabilities for any corporate debts. Business Strategy Business strategy is an effective way of carrying out business operation in order to attain the set goals. Common strategies used include; Pricing Strategy For a Company to gain a competitive advantage, it should price its products in slightly lower price than its competitors. For example the sweet republic company being an ice cream and baking company, should find out the prices charged by its competitors and reduce its price so as to remain competitive. Gaining a Technological Advantage Companies have to adapt to the rapid changing technology so as to remain competitive. For a company to outshine its competitors in terms of technology, it should gain a technological advantage over competitors and also preventing competitors from gaining the same advantage. (Rue, Byars, Ibrahim, 2013) Conclusion When a manager has all the skills discussed above and put in to practice the business strategies, they stand a great chance of making more profit as well as gaining competitive advantage. References Advances in business and management. (2011). New York. Kuznetsov, S. (2014). THE MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORY OF BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY. Effective Crisis Management, (6), 62. https://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2011-6-62-67 Rohlander, D. (2014). Management skills. New York, NY: Alpha. Rue, L., Byars, L., Ibrahim, N. (2013). Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Tracy, B. (2014). Management. New York: AMACOM.

Churchill’s Eulogy for Neville Chamberlain Essay Example For Students

Churchill’s Eulogy for Neville Chamberlain Essay The early period of the 1900 had marked history to all parts of the universe with World War I and II. During this clip. Winston Churchill and Neville Chamberlain had been major leaders with different positions and beliefs dividing them. While Winston Churchill was portrayed as the Jesus of the state. Neville Chamberlain was wholly the antonym. He had been harshly criticized as a failure who easy fell for Hitler’s undue actions. However. Churchill acknowledges this adult male with greathearted regard in his finding for peace and love during the hard circumstance that he was in. Neville Chamberlain had been good criticized as a guilty adult male throughout the universe. While these two adult male had been good known for their competitions. Winston Churchill believed that it is natural for fortunes to take on a certain function of a individual by saying. â€Å"In one stage work forces seem to hold been right. in another they seem to hold been incorrect. Then once more. a few old ages subsequently. with the position of clip has lengthened. all stands in a different setting† ( Para. 2 ) . By this statement. Churchill steadfastly believes how his challenger had engaged himself with attempt and authorization to make what he believed as â€Å"the inherent aptitudes of the human bosom and peace† ( Para. 3 ) . Churchill seems to esteem non merely the understanding that he has witnessed. but the earnestness to endeavor towards something within his ain personal belief. While many people strongly disagreed at the clip period. the statements made by Churchill be given to non appreciate the esteem that he had. In our coevals. populating with rules define a individual as holding cardinal truth of beliefs. Some of the most important 1s are justness. honestness and paternalism. Without justness. there will be no such thing as moral rightness. Having justness is important since it protects the equity of all persons. Without it. cipher will hold a steadfast position on the ideal construct of moral rightness that is based on moralss. jurisprudence and equality. This can be related to the eulogium. where Churchill is non seeking to contemn or envy his challenger. but alternatively allow others understand who he truly was as a leader from the intermediate position. Similarly. honestness is the act of stating the truth and being straightforward with ideas and words. This rule in society is extremely important in making steadfast relationships with other people. By ever keeping honestness. others will be able to set their trust and religion on the individual. which I believe is effectual in the diverse universe we live in today. Last but non least. paternalism is besides a polar rule that can be clearly related to what Churchill had done for Chamberlain. While the universe is defined as to help others in prosecuting their important involvements. Churchill took an dry determination to exemplifying his ain challenger as an â€Å"English worthy† ( Para. 9 ) . By looking beyond others. Churchill assisted in explicating Chamberlain’s true purpose to beef up the relationships with other states during the war. Always keeping onto a set of rules lead people in non merely holding the construct of moral rights. but in helping others every bit good. In the eulogium that Churchill shared at the House of Commons. there are latent deductions in his sentence constructions towards his end of specifying Chamberlain’s action as merely for the hope of peace and love with Hitler. He uses the words. â€Å"conscience† and â€Å"sincerity. † which he looks upon them as important virtuousnesss that all human existences need to hold. For illustration. he states. â€Å"The merely steer to a adult male is his conscience† ( Para. 2 ) . .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f , .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .postImageUrl , .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f , .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f:hover , .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f:visited , .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f:active { border:0!important; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f:active , .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uba9ebefd2ba6148e65b1adeaf4acbb4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mary Louise Pratt Arts Of The Contact Zone EssayIn Churchill’s personal position. he looks upon these virtuousnesss for the people to merely believe in something. merely as Chamberlain had. He wants everyone to be steadfast in their personal strong beliefs. pressing us to develop a type of character that we shouldn’t be embarrassed nor feel foolish about. This statement can be related to how his challenger did merely what he thought was the best pick in the hard state of affairs that he was in. Besides. his statement about Chamberlain moving â€Å"with perfect earnestness harmonizing to his visible radiations and endeavor to the uttermost of his capacityâ₠¬  ( Para. 3 ) makes an premise of how he was unafraid to uncover his seriousness. Although the consequences were non the best. Churchill tends to honour Chamberlain’s actions when he states. â€Å"this entirely will stand him in good stead† ( Para. 3 ) . While these two were competitions. Churchill sets a perfect illustration of earnestness by steadfastly saying his belief of Chamberlain as a adult male with sympathy towards others. Simply conceive ofing a challenger of mine speech production negatively at my ain funeral tends to be a normal act. However. I personally would hold the strong hope of my challenger to be sincere and respectful. I would desire him or her to indicate out who I was as non merely what I worked as. but as a individual. This may include non merely the positive facets. but the truth that everyone deserves to cognize even after my decease. In add-on. it is most likely that a rival experienced a similar type of calling as me. which that individual will hold more limpid feelings about me than what others have since they can associate their lives to my ain. Most significantly. the chief ground I would desire my challenger to give a similar address like Churchill did is because I would hold done the same. Whether it’s a enemy or a friend. I believe no score should follow a individual to the grave. Alternatively. Churchill had been really clear and confident in seeking to back up his statements on how he saw Chamberlain as a individual. The eulogium that Winston Churchill had for Neville Chamberlain at the House of Commons has been at first surprising. Unlike the bulk of people’s position. Churchill believes that Chamberlain died â€Å"with the comfort of cognizing that his state had. at least. turned the corner† ( Para. 8 ) . While these two were good known as challengers with beliing thoughts. Chamberlain had been widely criticized a failure for subscribing the Munich understanding with Hitler. which ended up in a catastrophe instead than peace. However. Churchill had non merely been respectful. but greathearted towards his ain challenger as holding the â€Å"physical and moral toughness† ( Para. 5 ) . Churchill deeply awards on how his challenger had the finding to endeavor for what he strongly believed in for the best of his state. even through the hard circumstance that he was in.

Literature Review Reflexivity of Knowledge

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review for Reflexivity of Knowledge. Answer: Introduction: Lai Li (2015) argued that people do not want to associate themselves so much with the tourism because tourism is not the mainline or the major function. People take tourism as a fun or leisure activity only. This is the reason that people would not always participate in the tourism events and activities. People would prioritize their work and in most of the cases the activities related to tourism would not be in the priority list of people. There could be cases when the people would not get the free time from their household chores to participate in the tourism activities. Fodness (2016) did a quantitative study on more than 100 married couples. Authors highlighted that the married couples would not participate in the tourism activities, as they would not have enough time for the same. Another constraint in front of the married couple is the financial constraint. The study revealed that these two constraints (time and money) are the key constraints for which the married couples do not participate in the tourism activities. The married couples have the lot of dependency like the care of their children and family and this could also be an added constraint for the married couple. In order to overcome all the internal and external dependencies, the married couple may not have the time to actually think of the tourism and tourism related activities. Ashworth (2015) highlighted that the activities related to the tourism demand time. It is observed that only those people can contribute to the tourism are the people that have time in hand. Author also argued that the married people do not have enough plenty time so that are not able to participate much in the tourism activities. Typically, the participation in the tourism activities also depends on the personal preferences and the taste of individuals. It is observed that tourism is a like a hobby and all the people may not have interest in tourism. Therefore, the people those do not appreciate the tourism may not want to participate or get indulge in the tourism related activities. References Ashworth, G. (2015). 13 Ethnic conflict: Is Heritage Tourism Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?.Transformational Tourism: Host Perspectives, 167. Fodness, D. (2016). The problematic nature of sustainable tourism: some implications for planners and managers.Current Issues in Tourism, 1-13. Lai, K., Li, J., Scott, N. (2015). Tourism problemology: Reflexivity of knowledge making.Annals of Tourism Research,51, 17-33.