DNA Technology essays

DNA Technology essays DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a very important part of our lives today. It is found in the nucleus of cells on the chromosomes. It is found in many cell organelles, such as plasmids in bacteria, chloroplasts in plants, and mitochondria in both plants and animals. DNA helps us to perform many actions in solving crimes, doing paternity tests, and also helps us to do scientific studies that were not possible until the middle 1900s. DNA has been one of the most popular subjects of study ever since it was discovered. Scientists James Watson and Francis Crick first discovered DNA in 1953. On April 2, they published a journal article that was only one page in length, but has changed the life of everyone forever. Watson and Crick claimed that DNA is made of two chains of nucleotides joined together by the nitrogen bases. The bases hold the two nucleotides together because they are complementary of each other, or ones base determines the others base. The four bases are: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. DNA is also in the shape of a double helix, or twisted ladder. DNA has two specific functions. It provides for protein synthesis and for the growth and development of an organism. It also furnishes all descendants of the organism with protein-synthesizing information by replicating itself and passing a copy to each offspring. This information, known as the genetic code, lies in the sequence of bases of DNA, which specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. DNA does not act directly in the process of protein synthesis. Instead it acts through the formation of a particular type of RNA called messenger RNA. The DNA technology that we have today is an extremely important part of scientific research today. Without the knowledge we have about it we could not do such applications as: paternity tests, solving crimes and other cases, and etc. Geneticis...

John Jay essays

John Jay essays Jay was born on December 12, 1745 to one of New York's most influential families. Self-confident, he was marked from the beginning as a person of uncommon intellectual ability. He graduated from King's College (now Columbia University) in 1764 and was admitted to the New York bar four years later. In 1773, as secretary of the Royal Mixed Commission, Jay observed the settlement of a boundary dispute between New Jersey and New York through arbitration. The success of the arbitration technique evidently made a lasting impression on him. Twenty-one years later, he recommended arbitration as a way of resolving differences between the United States and Great Britain. Jay's active involvement in the First Continental Congress ended his private law practice and drew him into full-time public service. Afraid of unleashing the prejudices of the masses, Jay opposed independence, but once the decision was made, he loyally supported the American Revolution. After helping to draft New York's new constitution and serving for a few months as the state of New York's first chief justice, Jay was elected president of the Second Continental Congress on December 10, 1778. Jay served as minister to Spain from 1780 to 1782, then joined in the peace talks in Paris. His insistence that the American commissioners be regarded as representatives of the United States, not of the "Colonies," delayed the negotiations and may have cost the United States possession of Canada, which the British might have been willing to surrender in exchange for an early end to the war. Jay also shared responsibility with John Adams for suing for peace without consultation with France. After the treaty ending the war (the Treaty of Paris) was signed in September 1783, Jay returned to New York. Jay had planned to resume his private law practice on his return. Instead, the Continental Congress, in his absence abroad, had elected him secretary of foreign affairs. The position ...