Critically Evaluate the Contribution the Paper Makes to the Knowledge Essay

Critically Evaluate the Contribution the Paper Makes to the Knowledge Base On Strategic Management In Organisations - Essay Example Review of Theories Following are some of the theories which contribute to the paper’s objective. Goal setting has been considered as one of the most empirically investigated HRM practices undertaken in organizations (Rauch, 2007, p.6). The study of previous literature reveals that goal setting contributes to the process of decision making in organizations through the way of increasing the motivation of workers. Under the system dynamic approach, Warren has stated the importance and critical factor for setting of appropriate goals for the attainment of organizational objectives. He has put forth that managers often overestimate or underestimate the obtainable performance which causes the organizations to lose out on opportunities of growth and resource utilization while trying to attain ideal goals which are unrealistic (Hirsch, 2001, p.133). The common errors of setting performance goals are that they undershoot the potential of the situation or aim to attain such outcomes whi ch are not possible (Warren, 2008, p.328). Barlas and Yasarcan (2008), has put forth the comprehensive model of goal dynamics adopted through the perspective of the systems dynamics. They have emphasized on the limitations or drawbacks of the simple structure of goal seeking in the complex and social systems (Ragg, 2011, p.99). Under the structure there is modification of the state and reaches and approaches the goal with a negative and exponential behaviour. They have also emphasized on the roles of intangible soft variables which are associated with goal dynamics in organizations. Some of the major efforts have gone into the building of a model which considers such intangible factors like... The paper primarily contributes to the building of a model which depicts the setting of goals, management by objectives and training and development are considered to be some of the major components in human resource management required for enhancing the productivity of employees and consequently adding the performance of the organization on the whole. The contribution of the simple goal setting theory has been presented in the paper; however, scholars are critical about the application of the same in complex organizational settings. Researchers like Barlas and Yasarcan have emphasized on the components of intangible variables and their importance in organizations. They have shown a correlation between the goal setting theory and its influence on the motivation of workers and the goal commitment of workers. It is found that the goal dynamics plays an important role in the knowledge base of organizations. This paper makes a conclusion that most importantly information technology which forms a critical component in any knowledge based organization is influenced by the goal dynamics. Organizations are required to keep up the ever changing technologies and as such their short and long term goals also keep changing. Moreover they are also meant to focus on the optimum use of intangible resources for ensuring greater financial returns and attainment of greater competitive advantage. Lastly the paper is found to make a major contribution to the engineering sector through the presentation of the reasons of choosing the best suited engineering alternatives from many different design alternatives.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 81

Marketing - Essay Example Many people and especially the older generation is not for the idea and states that people ought to respect young children and ought not dress them up in manners that may spoil their young minds. A group of people that seeks to ensure that these padded bikinis remain in the market also exists. This group of people is majorly retailers who are out to accumulate high profits in the market. With these bikinis and with the increase in young mothers, these retailers are bound to get more customers and are one of the reasons why they do not want Primark to ban these commodities. This issue is the reason why Primark is facing a very large ethical dilemma. It is imperative for the company to make an appropriate decision as to whether to follow the needs of the retailers or to go with the urges pressed by the older people. Girls would walk dressed disrespectfully if the organization went with the needs of the retailers and this would hurt them

Business Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business Data Analysis - Essay Example Besides, there is wide variation in the performance of different profit centers and therefore, there is a need to strengthen the operation and revenue of center 2 and 3 so that these centers can stand on their own and do not become burden on center 1 in days to come. Analysis of the cost of different options for the frequently faltering copiers have helped in taking the decision that it is better to acquire a new copier which is much more reliable even though it service cost per call is much higher. Analysis of number of calls per hour has helped in deciding the number of sales representatives Stan needs to ensure that no representative has to handle more than eight calls per hour. Further analysis of the active customers’ account size has helped in better understanding of the same. Introduction: Handy Hydraulic Industries is doing well after many changes in the corporate and operating structure. However, the managers know that one needs to excel to sustain in the current envi ronment of cut-throat competition. For excellence a business needs to evolve and execute a multipronged strategy targeting different aspects of performance and customer relationship. The aim is to become leaner on operating size to cut cost without compromising the expectations of customers. For this the managers of business need to take informed decisions and the information has to be derived from nowhere but from the data relevant to the business. It is here that statistics and probability comes to help them. Statistics is the branch of knowledge that processes data to discern hidden information, reveal patterns and extract executable results [1]. One can get lot of information by simply arranging data in frequency and relative frequency tables [2]. One can get a good idea of central tendency and dispersion of the data set. The organized dataset can also be represented pictorially as histograms, line charts etc. It is said that a picture is worth thousand words. This is because; e ven a person with common sense can see the patterns and trends in the data if the same is presented pictorially using suitable chart. Besides, statistics provides different parameters like mean, median, mode etc. to measure central tendency of data [3, 4]. But knowing merely central tendency of data is not good enough to describe a data set; one needs to quantify the dispersion of the data points around the central value [5]. This is done by means of different parameters that quantify dispersion of data points around the mean like variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation etc. After describing a data set comparing different data set is also important. For this one needs to compare the values of mean and standard deviation etc. Using these values one can calculate value of a suitable statistics and then this value is compared with the critical value of statistics for a given significance level. This exercise helps in testing hypothesis on mean, variance etc. and hence in making decisions [6]. The concept of probability is very much the part and parcel of statistics. It relies on the assumption that

The American Military Adventure In Iraq And Philippine Essay

The American Military Adventure In Iraq And Philippine - Essay Example The Philippines became an independent democratic country that is seen to today to be more or less a success. This may bode well for Iraq, a country that has been through terrible times and now seems to be improving. This essay will look at how these two actions by the United States were very similar. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 created a new era of American foreign policy. Some critics might call this policy expansionist, and although that is certainly an important element of it, it was also motivated by a desire to spread principles of democracy and good governance. Many idealists of the period believed the principles at the heart of the U.S. Constitution were universal and should be shared with everyone. By the end of the 19th century, the Monroe Doctrine was to come into full effect in a war with the Spanish. Not only would the Americans take control of Spanish possessions in the Caribbean such as Cuba, Puerto Rica, and other islands, but as the war expanded so would the remit of the Monroe Doctrine. The United States would gain control of the Philippines, far from its own shore, and attempt to remake the Spanish colonialism political system in its own image. The result would be a bloody conflict fought with Filipino insurgents that would take America many years to quell. Following the American victory over Spain and the taking of the Philippines, there was a great deal of tension between the U.S. and the locals. This came to a head in 1899 when American soldiers shot some Filipinos. Things quickly got out of hand with both sides raising armies and fighting conventional wars. The Americans rapidly defeated the convention Filipino forces, killing two of their best generals and pacifying many of the urban areas. But as the Filipinos fell back, they regrouped as guerrillas and had huge local support.

Why and how is the landscape of childrens services changing What are Essay

Why and how is the landscape of childrens services changing What are the implications of these changes for practitioners who work with children - Essay Example fts in institutional values have also contributed to this change, such as the gendered character of contemporary parenting and the gendered character of childhood, which have corresponding implications in the children’s services (Daniel, e al., 2005). Today’s children’s services argue the importance of using gendered perspective in order to engage adequately with the causes and effects of child maltreatment. This perspective may be analysed as an outcome of the growing gendered character of the household and the workplace, which has characterised modern industrial societies like England. England has designed and implemented its early years’ educational policy in the period of 1997-2004 and presented some innovations in the policy, its evidence base, and delivery of new services. It suggests evidence concerning expansion of services on the benefit of early years education on children’s development (Sylva and Pugh, 2005), a direction which children’s services as pedagogy is leading. Early year’s education in England is claimed to be transformed through integration of education and care at local and national level, the strong focus on families and children in the delivery of services, as well as the introduction of the Foundation Stag Curriculum 3-6 years and its birth-3 years supplement (Sylva and Pugh, 2005). Stone and Rixon (2008) stressed that while child-centred is the key, it is as important to seek the perspective of parents who are left with the child when all the professionals have gone home. Stone and Rixon also emphasised that it is important to recognise the value of families, which serve as one point for change and in which change itself can and should originate from, resonating with the changes in children’s services in England. The focus of change, as Rixon (2008) points out, has been on the challenges for practitioners of these currents, which likewise affect the experiences of children and their families. England launched in 2003 its

Vampire Influences on Modern Popular Culture Research Paper

Vampire Influences on Modern Popular Culture - Research Paper Example â€Å"In essence, the domain of eroticism is the domain of violence, of violation,† Bataille wrote in the text ‘Death and Sensuality’ (1957). â€Å"The most violent thing of all for us is death which jerks us out of a tenacious obsession with the lastingness of our discontinuous being.† (Bataille, 1957) The area of experience which Bataille writes about is typically kept under the veils of secrecy and taboo, not to be spoken of publicly. Nevertheless, his theories open up an understanding of why the vampire mythologies have become so popular and prevalent in modern culture, because he shows how the sensuality of the experience is heightened when the religious, sexual, violent, and erotic images are mixed with narrative in a dramatic fashion. Bataille critically worshipped the orgasm as â€Å"la petite mort† or â€Å"the little death† in French, and through this association the power of the vampire stories can be seen in evoking a transcendence that takes the initiate from the realm of common life to the existence of immortals. (Fuchs, 2011, p.3) This theme is seen repeatedly whether it is in the â€Å"Interview with the Vampire,† Twilight,† â€Å"Lost Boys,† or â€Å"Dracula† imagery. The fusion of mystical, religious, and erotic imagery has the effect of taking the narrative beyond social taboos and therefore heightening excitement through the combined semantic value of the symbols in the minds of the audience. Death and Eroticism Bataille was an early member of the Surrealist movement in France, but focused primarily on literature and exploring the psychological relationship between death and eroticism in experience. His early work focuses on the violation of religious and social taboos, just as the vampire mythologies do in contemporary culture, albeit in a far more extreme manner than the television and films typically depict today. The reason for Bataille’s excesses can be seen in t he phenomenon of transgressive sexuality combining elements of religious mysticism, artistic creation, style, symbolic drama, and violence in the practice of eroticism. The vampire mythologies follow this same pattern, for example in the â€Å"Twilight† series, Bella wants to marry and experience eternal life with Edward Cullen as a type of higher love, while the settings of the vampire myth include religious elements fused with eroticism. As Bataille wrote, â€Å"The whole business of eroticism is to strike to the inmost core of the living being, so that the heart stands still. The transition from the normal state to that of erotic desire presupposes a partial dissolution of the person as he exists in the realm of discontinuity. Dissolution — this expression corresponds with dissolute life, the familiar phrase linked with erotic activity. In the process of dissolution, the male partner has generally an active role, while the female partner is passive. The passive, fe male side is essentially the one that is dissolved as a separate entity. But for the male partner the dissolution of the passive partner means one thing only: it is paving the way for a fusion where both are mingled, attaining at length the same degree of dissolution. The whole business

Risk financing and portfolio management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Risk financing and portfolio management - Essay Example Section 2 provides a description of how an investor can hedge long and short positions in the stock using calls, puts, and option spreads. 2. Options Strategies as of the 1st of December 2011 This section describes how long and short positions in the stock can be hedged using puts, calls and spread options. The discussion begins with how a long position in the stock can be hedged and later focuses on how a short position can be hedged. a) Hedging a long Position A long position in a stock means that the investor has invested in the stock with the objective of profiting from prices increases. However, because the stock price behaves in a stochastic fashion, the investor cannot tell for sure whether the price will rise or fall. If the investor does not do anything and the price rises, then he will be better off. However, if the investor fails to hedge against price declines and the price ends up declining, then the investor runs the risk of losing all or some of his/her investment in t he stock. Consequently, strategies have been developed which enables investors and portfolio managers to hedge against the risk that the price of a stock might fall. This can be done using calls, puts, and option spreads. ... For a European call option which can only be exercised on the maturity date of the call, the call will only be exercised if it is in-the-money on the maturity date. A call option is said to be in the money if the stock price is above the exercise price. Having described what a call option is, the discussion will now be narrowed down to the question at hand. Now, the investor has a long position in the stock and is interested in hedging against a decline in its price. To do so, the investor can write call option on the stock. If the stock price rises above the exercise price, the option will be exercised and the investor will be required to sell the stock at the exercise price on the maturity date of the call. Since the stock is currently selling at 3375 pence, the exercise price of the option should be stated at 3375. By specifying the exercise price at 3375 pence, the investor has bought a guarantee to sell the stock at 3375. Therefore, even if the option is exercised, the investor will be able to benefit from the call premiums collected for writing the call option. In order to hedge against declines in the price of the stock using a put option, the investor should buy a put option on the stock. The exercise price should be the current price of 3375. A put option will give the investor the right but not the obligation to sell the stock at the exercise price at the end of the year. When the price of the stock is falling, the value of exercising the option will be high. In order for the put option to be exercisable, the price of the stock on the maturity date (that is one year from now) must be below the exercise price. Therefore as the price of the stock is falling, the value of the put option is rising. If the price of the stock happens to rise, then the