Canadian Geography - Free Essay Example

In 2012, Nunavut was made a nation by itself. After Nunavut being mentioned as Canada’s last frontier, some effects behold the demarcation. There are economic, cultural and environmental factors that have shown up in the land. The economy is discussed regarding natural resources and the economic activities done in the area. The environmental factors explain the weather changes and the climate of the area as per the current statistics. The cultural factors are used to define the norms of the people living in the region and their beliefs as it concerns the way of living. The northern area is endowed with oil and natural gas. The land has been established with millions of barrels of crude oil. According to the United States Geological Survey, reviewed that the Nunavut can hold oil that can serve the world for an extended time of over five years. In the region called the Sverdrup Basin, there are 19 established fields that are held by companies, and they have held licenses to do the extraction. Statistics reveal that the areas that are discovered have around 500 to 1800 barrels of oil and 17-27 trillion cubic feet of gas. It is also evident that Sverdrup Basic holds approximately 11% of Canada’s crude oil and 20% of the natural gas in Canada. The economic challenge that that has retarded the exploration and extraction of the resources in the difficulties in transporting the oil from the sources. The challenges that are available include the sterile and hostile environment. But with the new technology that has been established, the high market de mand and the climate change may be favorable for natural exploration of the frozen landscape (Stevenson, 2012). Nunavut has been keeping a population of the indigenous population. Nunavut has a range of cultures that work together sharing beliefs to make a community of native population. A paleo-Eskimos culture which originated pre-Dorset as well as Dorset cultures the people who lived in Nunavut before they migrate to the current Alaska. The life expectancy in Inuit is as low as 66.7 years. It has the oldest man with 68 years and a woman with 76 years. The low life expectancy is associated with some issues like increased cases of suicide, living in overcrowded houses, and high rates of accidents. Nunavut is in the northern area of Northern Canada. The area is dry with no rains. It is dominated by ice which is due to the low temperatures. Due to the current increase in temperatures, the ice is melting, and the sea level is rising. The land in the North of Canada is said to be the driest and ice capped region. It is inhabited by Indigenous people who grow at a prolonged phase. They are mostly short. The individuals in the land don’t rely on agriculture because the land does not allow them to do that. Mining, oil excavation, and gas mining are the major economic activities that drive the people of the region. The people of the area don’t have a long life span because of the increased cases of suicide. Young people are taking away their lives due to health challenges. The region doesn’t have mental health services and councilors who can help the people out. Transport in the area in very difficult due to the icing ground floor. That is why transportation and extraction of the resources are difficult. Due to climate changes, the city’s ice is clearing out and making the land accessible for mining and other economic activities (Karim-Aly, 2001). Atlantic Canada has laid down some major mega projects that will help them increase the speed of the economic growth. The Megaprojects are made to create employments for the country members, improve the ability of the economic activities to enhance the viability of the commercial income of the people. For the economic fortunate of Atlantic Canada to be established, the mega projects should be utilized to promote the economic growth of the Atlantic Canada. Muskrat Falls is one of the megaprojects. It is a hydroelectric project that has been established at the cost of $7.65 billion and aims at producing an energy of 824 megawatts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muskrat management, Bennett, and his team said that the project would create a lot of employment opportunities. An average of 5000 people will be employed. These people employed will have a contribution to the economy of Kenya. The electric power produced is also used to run industries in the country an d increase industrial power. The project is also estimated to be environmentally friendly, and the government will not spend any amount to control the spillage (Bone, 2005). St. George’s Bay Wind Farm Project was established at the cost of $400 million. It is expected to provide a power output of 180 megawatts dependent on the wind. As the project is finalizing, it is looking ahead to provide 400 indirect job opportunities, six hundred direct jobs in its construction. During the operations, the Wind Farm project will create 100 direct jobs and 300 indirect jobs. The economy is well catered for at long last. Maritime Link Project is financed at $1.5 billion and is expected to produce 500 MW where it is aimed at supplying Nova Scotia with the renewable electric source. Sisson Tungsten-Molybdenum Mine is built at the cost of $579 million and is aimed at producing an average of 30000 tons of Tungsten per day. The mine will provide the economy will business and job opportunities required. The mine will create around 500 jobs during its construction and an average of 300 jobs during its time of operation. Voisey’s Bay Underground Mine Project located in the Newfoundland and Labrador is expected to create 40000 tons per year. The project will generate a lot of jobs both during construction and after construction. 450 people are working in the open pit as per now and the company is estimated to employ 400 more people. At around 2019, 800 people are expected to be used in the mines pits. When the hole reaches its full operations, it will be able to employ 475 workers (Bone, 2005). Energy East Pipeline which ships 1.1 million barrels per day was established at the cost of $15.7 billion. The establishment is aimed at providing 37700 direct and indirect job opportunities during construction. After construction, it is estimating to establish 260 full-time jobs. The companies in operation will be a great chance for Atlantic Canada to rely on their development. The megaprojects are the ones which will provide electric power which will run industries, and it will also provide raw materials which the manufacturers will use in their production. The people employed in the industries will help improve the economy of the country because they will be able to contribute tax to the government. The industries themselves will also provide tax and increase the income to the government. The industrial products and minerals will be exported for the government to realize some foreign income. Agriculture also relies on the economic advancement in Atlantic Canada (Frigo, 2004). Western Canada has four major regions which need to be looked at when talking about the economic stability of the Western part of Canada. Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Alberta and British Columbia. Mostly, the three regions, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta have similar contributions to the economy of Western Canada. British Columbia is standing on its own to establish its economic strengths and weaknesses. The four region has been mentioned to have had a different agricultural production which is their primary business. Crop farming, fruit farming, and livestock are the major parts of the agriculture that they do. Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta have a good reputation of producing grain and oilseeds. In contrast, British Columbia accounts for the most fruits produced in the area. Vegetable production is another widely produced crop in British Columbia (Markey, Halseth, et al. 2008). Animals’ production is another significant part of the agricultural production in western Canada. Alberta leads with the highest number of cattle farms and ranches in the country and Manitoba has the third largest number of hog operations that take place in the country. British Columbia is the second largest producer of poetry and eggs in the country. British Columbia also leads in aquaculture production. Another difference is that western Canada relies mostly on Agriculture apart from British Columbia which has most of its reliance on forestry. British Columbia remains to depend on forest industry as the engine of the province’s economy because B.C is the largest forest products, exporter. It exports logs, lumber, paper, pulp and other wood products. The forest products represent more than 40% of the region’s income. B.C provides more than half of the wood that is produced in Canada. Comparing wood production in BC and agricultural farming in Western Canada, it would be similar to comparing their main economic boosters. West Canada relies on Agriculture for economic survival, and then BC relies on forestry and forest products to get their economy moving (Marchak, 2011). I the future, the climate of B.C is expected to be like that of California as per now. The winters are projected to be warmer and wetter. British Columbia is expected to host people whose regions will have become hotter and drier. The Province will be forced to accommodate a large number of individuals almost double the number they have as per now. There has been an extended period of little population change in the region. In the future, the population is expected to have improved, and the many people will be aging. The aging population will be a great chance for businesses to be conducted. People will do businesses because the age they are in is the age of performing business. It is true that a large number of individuals will have immigrated into British Columbia in the future. The increasing number of people is a great suggestion that there will be businesses taking place in the region. The growing population mostly the population with an age of more than 65 years will help shape the way the economic orientation especially the service sector. The region will be full of the people providing services, and another group of individuals will be available to utilize the services provided by the one group of individuals. There will be those providing recreation facilities, care facilities and those who will be providing tourism services. The Canadian economy will be less altered because most of its revenue comes from the forests which make the natural sources of income. From the previous observations, it is easy to keep the trend of economic growth when relying on natural resources as it has been observed in the last 30 years (Hayter, 2000). When looking at the way British Columbia will present itself in the future, it is easy to say that it will be a core region in Canada. It is believed to be the area that Canada will look for the source of revenues to run its activities. Most people will be employed in the industries in British Columbia. It is hard to make the region that is supporting you a peripheral region. Some of the factors that British Columbia depend on so as to turn to be the best in the region are climate change that will send many people from their areas to come and settle in the area (Crouch Ritchie, 1999). The best environment in the area will call many people. The warm and wet winter will encourage a group of many individuals to pay in the region. When people fill the area, and it becomes fully occupied, many people will engage in businesses which are sources of revenue to the government. Many people will also be employed in the regions where they will work. Tourism will also be a part of the economic a ctivities performed in the area. With many businesses running in the area, infrastructure will also be improved, and many people will be able to come in the regional and do their business.

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Write My Research Paper and How to Avoid It

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Can suicide still be explained by classic sociological theory on this subject - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2584 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Sociology Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Consider recent instances of webcam suicide and other cases in which modern digital technology is involved. By the 1850s, suicide was a growing social problem in Europe. Many people felt that it was related to the huge industrial changes taking place at that time. For Emile Durkheim, studying this phenomenon à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which is generally seen to be one of the most private and personal acts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" provided the perfect opportunity to show the power of the new science of sociology (Ritzer, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Can suicide still be explained by classic sociological theory on this subject?" essay for you Create order Durkheim developed a theory around four types of suicide which will be outlined below. The affect that Durkheims book Le Suicide (1897) has had on the suicide research that came after it will be discussed, including issues with empirical evidence to back up his claims around his four types of suicide and their causes. The need for methodological developments from those used by Durkheim is addressed in order for sociological research on suicide to stay relevant. Finally, the introduction of new dimensions to the issue of suicide with the growth of the internet is discussed. Emile Durkheim was not the first to study suicide rates in the nineteenth century. However, his contribution to the study of suicide in sociology is without doubt the most influential. Quetelet and Morselli, two moral statisticians who attempted to inductively analyse a large body of suicide statistics, were enthralled by the stability of yearly suicide rates, as well as the overall rise in the rates in the modern era (Quetelet and Morselli, in Wray et al, 2011). Masaryk (in Wray et al, 2011) actually proceeded Durkheim in looking to explain the rise in rates by the forces of modernisation. Tarde disputed these statisticians theories by postulating that imitation behaviour could account for geographical and temporal clustering of suicide behaviour (Tarde, in Wray et al, 2011). Durkheim, who outright rejected Tardes imitation theory and went to great lengths to discredit it (Ritzer, 2008), wanted to approach the view that modernisation was the root cause of the suicide rate increase i n a more analytical way than his contemporaries (Wray et al, 2011). To this end, he formulated a social theory of suicide in which the causes of suicide lie within a framework of society rather than at an individuals psychological state (Morrison, 1995). What Durkheim was interested in was suicide rates rather than individual causes, in order to explain why one group had a higher rate than another (Ritzer, 2008). Durkheims theory on suicide is based on the two continua of social integration and social regulation, at the ends of which are four independent theories of suicide (Breault, 2001). These four theories are egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide. For Durkheim, egoistic suicide occurs in societies or groups where the individual has a low level of integration into the larger social unit, making them feel as if they are not part of society and likewise, society is not part of them (Ritzer, 2008: 91). According to Durkheim, society is where the best parts of being human come from; our morality, values and sense of purpose. Without these, as well as the general moral support that gets us through our daily troubles, individuals are liable to commit suicide at the smallest frustration (Ritzer, 2008: 91). The main protectors against egoistic suicide are, according to Durkheim, membership in well integrated religious groups (for example the Roman Catholic Church), well integrated f amily units and political or national units. Altruistic suicide, on the other hand, results when social integration in a society or group is too strong, for example amongst the military or mass suicides following the death of a leader (Davies and Neal, 2000: 38). Suicide in the group is for the greater good or because those who commit suicide this way believe it is their duty to do so (Ritzer, 2008). The other continuum on which Durkheim bases his theory is that of social regulation. Too little social regulation, results in what he calls anomic suicide (Tomasi, 2000: 16). The term anomie can be defined, in simple terms, as the decline in the regulatory powers of society due to the process of industrialisation (Morrison, 1995). It is likely that individuals will be left feeling dissatisfied and frustrated with life as there is little control over their social wants and needs due to these disruptions. Morrison explains how Durkheim believed that this frustration can only happen when: individuals constantly aspire to reach ends or goals that are beyond their capacity to obtain. It is important to keep in mind that motives leading individuals to strive for goals which they cannot realistically obtain are due to the failure of the powers of society to set limits and regulate social wants (1995: 184). The effect on the suicide rate is to be seen in both times of positive disruption (economic boom) and negative disruption (economic depression). These changes put people in new situations in which the old norms no longer apply but new ones have yet to develop (Ritzer, 2008: 93). One the other end of this continuum is what Durkheim calls fatalistic suicide (Ritzer, 2008: 94). This is the least developed of his theories and in fact, was only discussed as a footnote in his book Le Suicide (1897). Fatalistic suicide is as a result of too much regulation within a society or group. The example that Durkheim cites in support of this is the suicide of slaves who, he argues, take their own lives due to the hopelessness caused by the oppressive regulation over their lives (Ritzer, 2008). These theories on suicide have influenced many pieces of research on suicide to the present day, but are they still relevant to modern society and the study of suicide? Breault argues, in a critical survey of the empirical literature on Le Suicide, that the hypothesis with the most empirical research to date is that of egoistic suicide. He believes that, although the other theories may seem plausible, it is impossible to say whether Durkheim was right or not in the absence of empirical research on altruistic, anomic and fatalistic suicide (Breault, 2001). According to Breault (2001), there is a wealth of evidence and empirical research in support of egoistic suicide. However, the issue as he sees it, is whether this research is meaningful. In the research which he cites in his analysis, investigators have controlled for variables such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, demographic variables, economic variables and socioeconomic variables, but not one single psychological variable. However, he believes that Durkheims argument against psychological explanations would be considered primitive in the present day in light of considerable research showing that affective disorders, schizophrenia, substance abuse, to name but a few, are consistently related to suicide (Breault,2001). So Breault (2001) questions, what would be the relationship between social integration and suicide controlling for depression? The fundamental issue is that Durkheim omitted psychological factors in part as he believed that there were no psychological regularities in su icide as consistent psychological correlates had yet to be identified in his day. In light of this, Breault notes: Today, Durkheim would not be satisfied with our failure to control for empirically supported psychological variables. Even though he advocated a sharp division between sociology and psychology, his methodological approach would have precluded the exclusion of psychological explanations if such explanations had been empirically demonstrated (2001: 61). Wray et al (2011) suggest that in order for sociology to stay relevant in the area of suicide research, which is evolving as a multi-disciplinary investigation of suicide as a social problem, three avenues need to be pursued simultaneously. Firstly, they believe there is a need to reconsider the micro-macro dilemma, both theoretically and methodologically. This should include a consideration of how to assemble a data set complex enough to provide rigorous empirical research on suicide (Wray et al, 2011). Second, Wray et al (2011) suggest, there is a need to incorporate the insights from other disciplines into the multiple factors which affect suicide in individuals and society. Finally, sociologists need to move forward with real-life efforts to reduce suicide through demonstrating and evaluation the usefulness of the robust research in this area Wray et al (2011). The importance of the inclusion of individual level data in studies of suicide, and not just the suicide rates or aggregate data, as well as the need to incorporate findings from other disciplines, can be demonstrated through the discussion of suicide involving the internet and other digital media. Although Shah (2010) found that the prevalence of internet users was correlated with general population suicide rates, he cautioned against causal relationship attribution due to the ecological study design. In other words, the use of aggregate data rather than individual data when looking for a causal relationship between internet use and suicide (Shah, 2010). Other studies have taken an individual level approach to investigate the association between internet use and suicide. Indeed, Messias et al (2011) analysed a nationally representative survey from the US (Youth Risk Behaviour Survey) and found that teens who reported five hours or more of video games/internet use daily had a signifi cantly higher risk for sadness, suicidal ideation and suicide planning. Furthermore, a study of Taiwan teens aged 12-18 found that web communication is a risk factor in self-injurious thoughts and behaviour in boys but not in girls (Tseng and Yang, 2015). They also found that family support is a protective factor in both genders (Tseng and Yang, 2015). Although these findings do not in any way negate Durkheims theories on suicide à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and in fact may actually support his claim that egoistic suicide is caused by social isolation these findings would not have been possible using the methods employed by Durkheim. In essence, just looking at suicide rates, without consideration for individual level data. The digital age has introduced a new dimension to the study of suicide. Never before have people had access to the range of suicide information as they do now. As Mishara and Weisstub (2007) explain, there are numerous reports of suicides allegedly related to the internet. Examples include the son of a Danish journalist who was encouraged to end his life on a website which gave him information that he used to kill himself (Weisstub, 2007). Moreover, reports of young people who have resorted to suicide after a barrage of cyberbullying and online abuse, and a number of suicides which have taken place live on web cam while others watched, some of whom reportedly egged them on. Furthermore, there is the issue of internet suicide pacts, which are a rising concern in Japan and South Korea. Traditionally, suicide pacts were made between people who knew each other. However, in the internet age, these pacts are formed between complete strangers who meet online (Luxton et al, 2012). The issue at the core of this piece is to assess whether classical sociological theory can explain these newly developing phenomenon? If the person is committing suicide as they no longer feel part of society and society is no longer part of them, then why broadcast it live over the internet for an audience to watch? Is this egoistic suicide or is it a new type of suicide unlike those described by Durkheim? One area that Durkheim outright rejected in his theories on suicide was that of imitation (Thorlindsson and Bjarnason, 1998). However, there are strong arguments against this omission as Abrutyn and Mueller (2014) found that suicides, like other social behaviours, can in fact spread through social relationships. They found that social ties can be conduits of social support in the positive sense, but also anti-social behaviours such as suicide as well. Luxton et al (2012) address this issue of imitation or contagion through the media. These scholars explain how the medias influence on suicidal behaviour, especially in relation to method used, has been well documented: A recent study by Dunlop et al. specifically examined possible contagion effects on suicidal behavior via the Internet and social media. Of 719 individuals aged 14 to 24 years, 79% reported being exposed to suicide-related content through family, friends, and traditional news media such as newspapers, and 59% found such content through Internet sources. Additional analysis revealed no link between social networking sites (e.g., Facebook) and suicidal ideation, but it did find a connection between suicidal ideation and suicide-related content found on online forums (Luxton 2012: Para 12). Indeed, Luxton et al (2012) go on to discuss how social media platforms, for example, chat rooms and discussion forums, may also influence decisions to die by suicide for some vulnerable groups. They argue that these online interactions may foster peer pressure to die by suicide, encourage their user to idolise those who have already completed their suicide or facilitate the making of suicide pacts (Luxton et al, 2012). In the end, these interactions may reduce any doubts or fears of people who are undecided about suicide and thus, act as another social force contributing to the causes of suicide in modern times. Society is very different today from that at the time of Durkheims seminal book Le Suicide (1897). However, suicide is still considered a serious social problem, just as it was in the 1850s. Durkheim believed that suicide could be explained by looking at societal factors and their effect on the suicide rates of particular groups. Yet, this essay has shown that suicide cannot be understood simply as Durkheim theorised it. Although his theory of egoistic suicide has for the most part been supported by empirical research, for sociological research to advance in this area, a methodological and theoretical rethink on the study of suicide is necessary. For example, the inclusion of psychological variables, individual level studies and the relationship between the internet and suicide. Bibliography Abrutyn, S. and Mueller, A. S. (2014) Are Suicidal Behaviours Contagious in Adolescents?: Using longitudinal data to examine suicide suggestion. American Sociological Review 79(2) pp. 211-227. Breault, K. D. (2001) Was Durkheim Right?: A critical survey of the empirical literature on Le Suicide in Pickering, W.S.F and Walford G. (Eds.) Emile Durkheim: Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists. Third Series, Volume IV. London: Routledge. Davies, C. and Neal, M. (2000) Durkheims Altruistic and Fatalistic Suicide in Pickering, W.S.F and Walford G. (Eds.) Emile Durkheim: Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists. Third Series, Volume IV. London: Routledge. Durkheim, E (1897) Le Suicide: ÃÆ' ©tude de sociologie. Paris: Alcan. Luxton, D. D., June, J. D. and Fairall, J. M. (2012) Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective. American Journal of Public Health 102(Supplement 2). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3477910/ [accessed 30/08/2015]. Messias, E., Castro, J., Saini, A., Usman, M and Peeples, D. (2011) Sadness, Suicide, and Their Association with Video Games and Internet Overuse among Teens: Results from the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey 2007-2009. Suicide and Life Threthening Behaviour 41(3) pp. 307-315. Mishara, B. L. and Weisstub, D. N (2007) Ethical, Legal and Practical Issues in the Control and Regulation of Suicide Promotion and Assistance over the Internet. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour 37(1) pp. 58-64. Morrison, K. (1995) Marx, Durkheim, Weber: Formations of Modern Thought. London: Sage Publications. Ritzer, G. (2008) Sociological Theory (7th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shah, A. (2010) The Relationship between general Population Suicide Rates and the Internet: A Cross-National Study. Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviour 40(2) pp. 146-150. Thorlindsson, T. and Bjarnason, T. (1998) Modelling Durkheim on the Micro Level: A study of Youth Suicidality. American Sociological Review 63(1) pp. 94-110. Tomasi, L. (2000) Emile Durkheims Contribution to the Sociological Explanation of Suicide in Pickering, W.S.F and Walford G. (Eds.) Emile Durkheim: Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists. Third Series, Volume IV. London: Routledge. Tseng, F. and Yang, H. (2015) Internet Use and Web Communication Networks, Sources of Social Support, and Forms of Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among Adolescents: Different Patterns between Genders. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour 45(2) pp. 178-191. Wray, M., Collen, C. and Pescosolido, B. (2011) The Sociology of Suicide. The Annual Review of Sociology 37 pp. 505-528.

The Apartheid Of South Africa - 1440 Words

The 1981 Springbok tour, and more significantly the public disturbances that arose because of it, is one of the most impactful events on New Zealand, and even South African society. The controversial idea of having sporting interactions with apartheid ruled South Africa was not new to New Zealand politics, yet with Prime Minister Robert Muldoon in charge, the situation was escalated to astonishing heights. The violence all around New Zealand, between police, protesters and anti-protestors was immense. The impact that the 1981 â€Å"riots† had on New Zealand was not limited to the obvious sting of having such violence in the country, but spread to affect politics, economics, police reform, courts and more. An obvious cause of the public disturbances around the Springbok Tour was the apartheid policies of South Africa. This is a very core reason of why many were outraged by the idea of having a South African sports team touring the country. Being associated with one of the most extremely racist countries in the world for a game of rugby was something many New Zealanders opposed. Groups like Halt All Racist Tours (HART), who were one of the largest â€Å"group† of protesters, quite obviously take issue with South Africa’s racist regime. Another reason protesters were willing to take to the streets was Muldoon’s unwillingness to act against the tour. The Gleneagles agreement, which New Zealand had signed, urged governments to take all possible steps to prevent sports interactions withShow MoreRelatedApartheid in South Africa1118 Words   |  5 PagesApartheid In South Africa APARTHEID Apartheid is the political policy of racial segregation. In Afrikaans, it means apartness, and it was pioneered in 1948 by the South African National Party when it came to power. Not only did apartheid separate whites from non-whites, it also segregated the Blacks (Africans) from the Coloureds (Indians, Asians). All things such as jobs, schools, railway stations, beaches, park benches, public toilets and even parliament. Apartheid alsoRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1159 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the year of 1948, the lives of south Africans changed forever. The National Party, which was an all-white government, gained power and created hell for non-white citizens, their goal was to have white people continue to dominate the country and to keep each race separated from each other; even though at the time whites were only 20% of the population. The apartheid, which literally means â€Å"apartness† lasted until 1991, and during this time many acts were passed. One being that â€Å"non-white AfricansRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesNelson Mandela and protesters during South Africa s journey away from apartheid. It’s a curious ponder, in fact, that America’s and South Africa’s ascents from racial discrimination were possibly involved with each other. However, while the world may be convinced the nation is out of racist dep ths, evidence displays the rise from discrimination in South Africa is undeniably incomplete. There is a dangerous and unresolved influence of apartheid in South Africa today. After World War 2 was won byRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1333 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of South Africa all we could see is racial discrimination. Africa was all in control of Whites till 1994. South Africa got free from racial discrimination when Nelson Mandela took a step became the first black prime minister of South Africa. Contemporary South Africa is now economically strong and it is completely a racial free state. The contemporary South Africa is now in race with every state in every field. Before 1994 South Africa was completely under control of Apartheid. 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He is Jacob Zuma. It is already his second term as a president.( News, B. (2016, August 5)) The country went over a lot of things, and the h istory of democratic political system is not very long for them. English and Dutch colonized South Africa in the seventeenth century. After South Africa got its independence from England, Afrikaner National Party became a majorityRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1750 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst black President of South Africa. Referred to as the living embodiment of black liberation, Mandela specifically fought against the government system of South Africa known as apartheid (Lacayo, Washington, Monroe, Simpson). Apartheid is an Afrikaan word meaning apartness and was a system of racial segregation for the South African people from 1948 until F.W. de Klerk became president in 1991. Although Nelson Mandela was both literally and metaphorically imprisoned by South Africa’s racist ideologiesRead MoreApartheid in South Africa1154 Words   |  5 Pagesbring an end to Apartheid in South Africa because he was a believer in basic human rights, leading both peaceful and violent protests against the white South African Government. His beliefs landed him in prison for twenty-seven years, almost three decades. In doing so, he became the face of the apartheid movement both in his country and around the world. When released from prison in 1990, he continued to honor his commitment to fight for justice and equality for all people in South Africa. In 1994, Nelson

Augustus And The Creation Of The Roman Empire - 989 Words

The major problems with most of the sources in the book are the sources themselves, because most are writers, or biographers, that were hired and paid to follow Augustus by Augustus. Although some were Augustus own biographers, some are also opponents of Augustus and his entitlement and takeover of the Roman Republic/Empire. These sources are also the only real documented information about Augustus that have been found or retrieved, and unknown to be based on facts, or just opinion and conjecture, or promoted by Augustus himself. One of the sympathetic sources towards Augustus was, Suetonius, who thought Augustus was a great leader and honorable man in his position as emperor. According to Mellor in, â€Å"Augustus and the Creation of the Roman Empire, Document 14 explains how Suetonius was a biographer for Augustus and a Roman historical writer, that was much different from the â€Å"subjective judgments† taken from Tacticus. In Mellor, Document 14, Suetonius says, â₠¬Å"†¦ (Augustus) he would not allow himself to be called â€Å"Sire† even by his children or his grandchildren either in jest or earnest and he forbade them to use such flattering terms even among themselves (Mellor 92). An example of Augustus’ modesty and relationship with his own family and his respect for his commoners. Suetonius gives us the impression that Augustus is a religious man of the people, who wants unity for his countrymen and divinity for himself. Suetonius relays the message of his expression, andShow MoreRelatedAugustus Of The Roman Empire1365 Words   |  6 PagesDictator of the Roman Empire adopted his grandnephew, also known as Octavian in his will. After Cesar was assassinated Augustus wanted nothing more than to â€Å"claim his inheritance and to avenge his slain â€Å"father†(ColeSymes).† This vengeance left constant warfare that came to an end after the victory at Actium. At this point in time Rome was no longer a repub lic. Augustus ruled for four years as an independent citizen then accepted his title as â€Å"emperor.† Augustus was the first roman emperor and ledRead More Augustus Caesar: The Greatest Ruler in the Ancient World Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming great. Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar was part of the latter due to his achievements that set the foundation for an empire devastated by civil war. Despite the turmoil of the Roman Empire after the assassination of his adoptive father, Julius Caesar, he led Rome to social, political and economic prosperity and stability. His military tactics marked the beginning of a dynasty that saw a massive expansion of the Roman Empire. Thus, Augustus Caesar’s contributions to the Roman Empire mark him asRead MoreWas The First Emperor Of Rome So A Good Thing?1214 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to many historians Augustus was not only the first emperor of Rome but also the greatest. During his long and impressive career Augustus dissolved the faulty governmental system of the Republic and created a new basis of Roman government that stood for three centuries. On his death bed Augustus was purported to have said: â€Å"Did I play my part well?† Through examination of his reforms of the Roman tax and legal system, as well as his role in creating the Pax Romana and a stable military itRead MoreAdministration of Roman Empire During Augustus Reign835 Words   |  4 PagesAdministration of the Empire Much chaos surrounded Rome with the fall of the Roman Republic. After seizing Egypt, Octavian returned to Rome and became the first emperor of the Roman Empire in 27 BCE. â€Å"His restructuring of the senatorial and equestrian orders, and the subsequent emulation between the two, provided the human resources, power dynamics, and incentives necessary for his administration†. It was easier for Augustus to carryout such major changes in administration because there was a universalRead MoreThe Public Life of Monuments1300 Words   |  6 PagesPart One: Notes on â€Å"The Public Life of Monuments: The Summi Viri of the Forum of Augustus† Introduction: â€Å"Monuments and Memory† †¢ Simple definition for monument: â€Å"a structure created to commemorate a person or event.† Monuments are used to recreate/reconstruct the past, providing a simplified meaning to complex events. â€Å"Highly selective† nature of society’s collective memory. Monuments preserve the past, making one particular historical interpretation or meaning of past events fixed or concreteRead MoreAugustus Reign Essay563 Words   |  3 PagesAugustus, during his reign as emperor proved effective in ruling through the ideas he implemented to solidify his country. Tacitus stated â€Å"nullo adversante† which translates into English â€Å"Wholly unopposed† (http://janusquirinus.org/Quotes/QuotesHome.html) this identifies the effectiveness of his reign and the strength he had politically over Rome. Important actions such as the creation of religious and moral reforms, the constitutional agreement and the implementation of the building programme allRead Mo reThe Roman Empire Over Time844 Words   |  4 Pagesof Macedon, as well his father’s policies. Alexander stated that invading Persia was going to be campaign bent on revenge for the invasion that Persia carried out against Greece in 480 BCE; this invasion would be the start of Alexander’s eastern empire. Alexander was taught and educated by Aristotle, at the age of twenty he was ready to assume to role of king. It was at this time that Alexander created the Hellenistic Age; it was during this time that extraordinary kingdoms were formed. TheseRead MoreAugustus s Life During The Civil War1741 Words   |  7 PagesAugustus had a discouraging childhood as he was unhealthy and did not have many connections with the government. Augustus was born on 23, September 63 BC. He was the son of a man from Velitrae who was in the position of praetorship and died unexpectedly when Augustus was 4. At this same time, Rome was dangerous because of extensive civil war. Augustusâ⠂¬â„¢ great uncle, Julius Caesar, was involved in this war. Augustus’ father was married to Atia, who was the daughter of Julia, Caesar’s sister. LaterRead MoreThe Achievements Of Augustus Have Serve As The Basis Of His Achievements1942 Words   |  8 PagesEvaluate the achievements of Augustus The achievements of Augustus are numerous and span across many different contexts; social, political, and military. For the purpose of this essay, the phases of Augustus life will serve as the basis of his achievements. Augustus was born in September 63 BC in an era of the Roman Republic that was rife with civil unrest and political instability, and over his 76 years he ...found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble. (Suetonius and Carter 1982)Read MoreThe Aeneid By Virgil Aeneid1689 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatness and particularly with the reign of the new emperor Augustus Caesar as the re-founder of glorious Rome. Throughout the poem Virgil used prophecies to make connections between the founding of the settlement (later to be Rome) by Aeneas and Rome’s culminating point with Augustus, who, according to Virgil, descends from Aeneas. Virgil uses this poem as propaganda for the new emperor by creating a parallelism between Aeneas, destiny, and Augustus at the sam e time that it uses a hidden ironic critique

Controlling Organized Crime Paper - 1163 Words

Controlling Organized Crime Paper CJA/ 384 August 19, 2013 Controlling Organized Crime Paper Organized crime is an issue that has existed for many years and continues to be on the rise especially with the technology that we have today. Well – known criminal organizations include; Italian Mafia, Russian Mobsters, Nuestra Familia, Mexican Mafia, The Hell’s Angels, The Bandidos, John Gotti, Al Capone, and so much more. One of the most famous criminal organizations are the Gambino Family in which John Gotti was said to be the â€Å"Godfather† of the family and was the most powerful criminal in America. That being said, this is just one group can you imagine how many others who operate in our neighborhoods and worldwide? These groups†¦show more content†¦More and more, they are literally becoming partners in crime, realizing they have more to gain from cooperating than competing.† Many problems are caused by organized crime every day. Criminal organizations are really sophisticated and manipulative. They are constantly examined by law enforcement officials which forces them to be furtive, secretive, and cautious. One major problem that we have is the victims that are or have been a target for the organized crime activities. Crimes include; drug trafficking, gambling, prostitution, and more. Crimes such as these involve individuals who are buyers and seller who are labeled as a willing participant. Communities that are faced with this problem are labeled as the victim because of how organized criminals make their money. The community takes a hit especially when crimes involve, violence, swindling, or thievery. According to Lyman amp; Potter (2007), â€Å"Clearly, criminal associates are often victimized by organized crime members, but law-abiding citizens are also victimized in a number of ways. First, citizens are sometimes the direct victims of organi zed crime enterprises (violence, extortion, intimidation, etc.). Second, billions of dollars of tax revenue from organized crime go uncollected (estimated at $37 billion in lost taxes every year), resulting in higher tax rates for law-abiding citizens. Third, expenses related to law enforcement, criminal prosecution, and imprisonment ofShow MoreRelatedControlling Organized Crime Paper1206 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Controlling Organized Crime Tina Martin-Fleming CJA/384 February 19, 2015 Charles Davis Organized crime groups have been around since the 1900’s. The mafia who came from Italy and other countries to the United States started their business and became a nuisance over a period. The mob became a problem for society with their illegal activities such as gambling, racketeering and prostitution that includes other violent behaviors. The mafia was famous for manipulating individuals with theirRead MoreControlling Organized Crime1200 Words   |  5 PagesControlling Organize Crime Paper Louis Pierre CJA/384 May 6, 2013 University of phoenix Professor: Glen Winters Controlling Organize Crime Paper Organize crime is a conspiratorial activity involving the coordination of numerous people in the planning and execution of illegal acts or in the pursuit of a legitimate objective by unlawful means, for example, threatening a legitimate business to get stake in it. However, organize crime involves continuous commitment by primary members, althoughRead MoreImproving Law Enforcements Approach to Combating Organized Crime1302 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Organized crime involves a group of people made up of several ethnicities and international unions, who coordinate as well as work in unison, apart, or in line with legal enterprises alongside political realms. Many analysts have concurred that organized crime is both an impediment to academic projects and a realistic social issue that obligates urgent solution. Strategies implemented to limit organized crime often tend to be inclined towards one form of the two approaches. One of theRead MoreControlling Organized Crime1363 Words   |  6 PagesControlling Organized Crime CJA384 Controlling Organized Crime Since the 1990’s, organized crime has become a problem among U.S. citizens. The Mafia was the earliest group to show its strengths of power and manipulation among citizens and business of New York City. From the time of the Mafia’s rise, other criminal organizations have surfaced using their power to corrupt personal within business for the gain of finance and political strength. In today society, one of the main question whenRead MoreEssay on Controlling Organized Crime1564 Words   |  7 PagesControlling Organized Crime CJA/393 Criminal Organizations June 1, 2010 Controlling Organized Crime In this paper, I will identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crime. I will also describe the legal limitations associated with combating organized crime, and include a critique of major federal laws and strategies that support this effort. Lastly, I will suggest a solution to control organized crime by discussing and evaluating the effectivenessRead MoreGlobal Crime Analysis1134 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Crimes Analysis University of Phoenix Cynthia Butler CJA/394 April 16, 2012 This paper will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that affect national and international criminal justice systems and processes. In addition, there will be a comparison and contrast of the different criminal justice systems and how they have addressed major global crimes and criminal issues. Global crime is an issue that threatens the safety andRead MoreEssay on La Cosa Nostra1240 Words   |  5 Pagesman’s bed. It is this tradition and brutality that characterizes the Mafia, a secret Sicilian society that lives and functions just as much today on American soil as it did and does still in Italy. To understand this organized crime, one must begin to understand how it came to be organized in the first place. During the medieval times in Sicily, Arabs invaded the land and native Sicilians fled and took refuge in the hills. Some of these refugees formed a secret society that gave protection to the peopleRead MoreSir Robert Peel Paper920 Words   |  4 Pageshas evolved overtime; in this paper I will describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on the evolution of policing and its history. Sir Robert Peel Paper Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) updated Englands criminal code. He established the first modern police force in London, whose members were nicknamed after him bobbies. Sir Robert Peel wanted a police force that would provide citizens with â€Å"the full and complete protection of the law†andâ€Å"check the increase of crime.† Sir Robert Peel pushed throughRead MoreEnglish Heritage in Policing945 Words   |  4 PagesIvon Martinez What is our English Heritage in policing? Paper CJA/214 Intro to Police Theory amp; Practices Rudy Pichardo November 30, 2011 The American system of law and criminal justice was borrowed from the English. The first references to an English criminal justice or law enforcement system appeared some 1,000 years earlier than Sir Robert Peel established the first English police department in 1829. England’s King Alfred the Great was preparing his Kingdom for a Danish invasion;Read MoreMarijuana Decriminalization Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry have missed the opportunity to capitalize on marijuana and hemp. Also, this law has impeded the Canadian public’s right to use marijuana to alleviate suffering and to treat illness, and it has subjected Canadians citizens to an element of organized crime. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Initially, before marijuana criminalization, Canadians had no major social issues relating to marijuana that required government intervention. Canadians did use marijuana to achieve a â€Å"high†, but then again people

The Effects Of Climate Change On The Alaskan Environment...

Every country in the world has been affected by climate change. Climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system that persists for several decades or longer (Montgomery, 2015). Climate change (or global warming) can be caused by a natural progress such as sun s radiations and volcanoes, or it can be caused by human s actions such as land use, deforestation, and pollution. (Hardy, 2003).This phenomenon not only affects the environment, but it also affects human lives. Alaska is the largest state in the United States. It includes lands on both sides of the Arctic Circle. Sixteen national wildlife refuges are home to a great variety of flora and fauna. In the past 60 years. The Alaska s environment changed drastically; the climate is warming up as twice as much in comparison to all the other states. This essay will discuss firstly the climate change in the Alaskan environment. Then it will highlight the changes in the ocean and costs, the effects that global warming is having on Alaska s natives and the melting permafro st. It will then finally address who is responsible for this effects and some measures that can be taken. The first effect that global warming is having on Alaska regards coasts and oceans. In the northern summer, the sea ice is decreasing faster than previously recorded and it is foreseen to melt before mid-century (Chapin, F.S 2014). Solid ice is disappearing as there are no longer massive icebergs during fall and winter,Show MoreRelatedClimate Change And The United States1574 Words   |  7 Pagesreport will analyze climate change and the initiative that the United States is taking in the Arctic. If ignored, climate change poses serious problems for the world’s population in the near future. The increasing amount of media regarding the severity of climate change has pushed researchers for answers. The report will explore the causes of climate change, how climate change is affecting the ecology, economy and people in the Alaskan Arctic, and possible solutions to the climate changing. 1.2 BackgroundRead MoreThe Carbon Of Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment1209 Words   |  5 Pagesextent of Arctic carbon cycling impacts to the Arctic atmosphere and the local Alaskan ecology. The data results of this mission will help both NASA and global scientists better understand how the estimated rate of greenhouse gas emissions affect the rise in temperature and potential impact of Earth’s future climate near and long-term. The CARVE mission goals intend to answer important questions about Earth climate change. Ultimately, CARVE will provide an integrated set of data that will provide unprecedentedRead More Drilling Alaska: America Needs to Adopt Conservation Practices!1645 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol activities to ensure that activities â€Å"will result in no significant adverse effects on the fish, and wildlife, their habitat, subsistence resources and the environment.† I wonder if regulation can effectively prevent such damage? Can the most high-tech, compact, thoroughly monitored development still pose an unacceptable risk to the wilderness? In a situation such as this where the natural environment is at a serious risk and the public and decision makers are in a dispute, we must allRead MoreGlobal Environmental Change In Glaciers : The Impact Of The Global Climate Change876 Words   |  4 Pagesevaluated invertebrates from several regions affected by shrinking glaciers with the goal to determine the impact of the global environmental change in related ecosystems. Glaciers and Inhabitants Earth is now facing a big thaw as the world continues to warm up. Glaciers in various cold regions are melting due to the rise of global temperature, a result of climate change caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. One of many locations dominated by glaciers is the Glacier NationalRead MoreAlaska s Coal Clean Coal2249 Words   |  9 Pagesimpacts on the environment, wildlife, and Alaskans. Altogether coal is one of the most dangerous sources of energy to the well being of the environment. According to Tim Appenzeller in â€Å"High Cost of Cheap Coal: The Coal Paradox,† â€Å"of all fossil fuels, coal puts out the most carbon dioxide per unit of energy, so burning it poses a further threat to global climate, already warming alarmingly† (1). Mining enough coal to supply the world, would really take a toll on Alaska’s climate because of its vastRead MoreWidespread Biomes: Tundra 856 Words   |  3 Pagesregarding the subject of climate change. Since climate is changing fastest at high latitudes and altitudes, the tundra ecosystem is currently experiencing rapid changes in its natural environment (2). In addition, tundra acts as a carbon sink, with soils storing more than 90% of the carbon present in this ecosystem (3). Plant growth and litter decomposition are two main factors driving carbon accumulation and release rates. Both of these processes ar e sensitive to climate change, and alterations in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Earth s Blanket 1253 Words   |  6 PagesGeography, discusses the various climates that exist within our world. As the chapter goes on, the book explains the past climate changes due to the numerous fluctuation in Earth s average temperature. One well known theory, the Milankovitch theory, explains that the fluctuation of Earth s temperature are due to the long-term variations in Earth s orbital eccentricity, tilt, and axial precession, (Arbogast 236). In our present day, the vast majority of climate scientists agrees that the worldRead MoreThe Subject And Objectives Of Operation Caream1873 Words   |  8 Pagescomposed of Carbon in the Arctic, a little like DSICOVER-AQ. A peculiar effect of aerosols in the Arctic is that they actually help decrease the warming of the Arctic, which heats twice as fast as the rest of the world’s locations. These aerosols, made from carbon, will scatter sunlight and h elp in the creation of clouds, which would block the sunlight (McSweeny, 2015). Operation CAREAM was designed to help investigate this effect on the Arctic and help scientists better understand. In previous yearsRead MoreA Research Study On The Snowshoe Hare1492 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent types of climate. According to Dashiell Feierabend, Knut Kielland, (2015) the survival and predation of these snowshoe hares was researched for quite some time, yet no true leads have been discovered such as hare’s vulnerability, which leaves the question of what predators and climates can influence their vegetation and coverage. (Feierabend Kielland, 2015). These beautiful creatures are preyed on by a multitude of different animals and also wander into an array of climates. Sunny, hot, snowyRead MoreClimate Change, Oil Spills, Coastal Erosion, And Alternative Energy1825 Words   |  8 PagesArctic to fix pollution on the earth and prevent future pollution in the environment. This ini tiative has four pillars: climate change, oil spills, coastal erosion, and alternative energy which are all topics affecting the arctic region of the United States and the world. It is crucial that today’s society pays close attention to the problems arising from these issues causing our environment to suffer; one being the effect that oil spills are having on the arctic region. An oil spill is defined as